臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本研究主要探討音樂療法與芳香療法對血壓及心率變異的影響。藉由聆聽班得瑞舒緩音樂15分鐘或佛手柑精油200μL噴霧吸入15分鐘，比較實驗前後血壓及心率變異參數的差異。期望聆聽舒緩音樂或佛手柑精油噴霧吸入皆能達到生理放鬆之成效，並且探討聆聽舒緩音樂合併佛手柑精油噴霧吸入同時進行，對生理放鬆是否有加乘效果。研究對象為南華大學日間部學生共114名(男性14名，女性100名)，平均年齡20.3±1.5歲。研究類型採隨機分配，實驗組與控制組比較。控制組為靜坐組，實驗組分別為音樂療法組、芳香療法組及音樂療法合併芳香療法組三組。
　
　　各組組內以成對樣本t檢定(paired t-test)比較血壓及心率變異參數，結果顯示靜坐組、音樂療法組、芳香療法組及音樂療法合併芳香療法組之收縮壓、舒張壓及心跳速率，達顯著性下降(p<0.05)；正常竇性心搏間期標準差、總功率與高頻功率達顯著性上升(p<0.05)。實驗組三組之常規化低頻功率及低高頻功率比達顯著性下降(p<0.05)、常規化高頻功率達顯著性上升(p<0.05)。
　
　　組間以共變異數分析(Analysis of Covariance, ANCOVA)，Sidak事後檢定比較血壓及心率變異參數，結果顯示音樂療法組相對於靜坐組之常規化低頻功率、常規化高頻功率及低高頻功率比具顯著性改變(p<0.01)。音樂療法合併芳香療法組與音樂療法組或芳香療法組比較，血壓及心率變異各參數皆無達顯著性改變(p>0.05)。組間百分比改變量以變異數分析(Analysis of Variance, ANOVA)，Sidak事後檢定比較血壓及心率變異參數，結果顯示音樂療法組相對於靜坐組之常規化低頻功率、常規化高頻功率及低高頻功率比具顯著性改變(p<0.01)。
　
　　研究結果整體而言，靜坐、音樂療法、芳香療法及音樂療法合併芳香療法在組內顯示都具有降低血壓及心跳速率，提高正常竇性心搏間期標準差、總功率與高頻功率的效果。音樂療法、芳香療法、音樂療法合併芳香療法則具有降低交感神經活性，提升副交感神經活性，達到生理放鬆的效果。組間比較包括共變異數分析與百分比改變量，結果均顯示音樂療法相對於靜坐更明顯降低交感神經活性，提升副交感神經活性，達到生理放鬆的效果。音樂療法合併芳香療法同時進行對降低交感神經活性，提升副交感神經活性，無達到生理放鬆的加乘效果。本研究可作為音樂療法、芳香療法於臨床應用之參考。

　　A randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the change of blood pressure and heart rate variability in subjects listening to Bandari soft music (music therapy group) for 15 minutes or inhaling vapour containing 200 µL of bergamot essential oil (aromatherapy group) for 15 minutes. A total of 114 undergraduate students (14 males and 100 females, average age of 20.3 ±1.5 years) were randomly allocated to four study groups. Participants in the control group were asked to sit still during the experiment. Participants in the three experimental groups were provided with music therapy, aromatherapy, or mixed music therapy with aromatherapy.
　
　　Results from paired t-tests showed that physiological effects including systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean heart rate (MHR) were significantly decreased within each of the four groups (p<0.05). The Standard Deviation of Normal to Normal Intervals (SDNN), Total power (TP) and High Frequency power (HF) were significantly increased within all four study groups (p<0.05). The normalized Low Frequency (nLF) and LF/HF ratio were significantly decreased within the three experimental groups while normalized High Frequency (nHF) significantly increased within the three experimental groups (p<0.05).
　
　　Changes between the four study groups were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with Sidak post hoc tests. Results showed that nLF, nHF, and LF/HF ratio were significantly different between the music therapy group and the control group (p<0.01). The blood pressure and measures of heart rate variability were not significantly different between the three experimental groups (p>0.05). Standardized percentage changes were analyzed with analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using Sidak post hoc tests. Significant differences (p<0.01) in nLF, nHF, and LF/HF ratio were found between the control group and the music therapy group.
　
　　In conclusion, sitting still, music therapy, aromatherapy, and mixed music therapy with aromatherapy were found to be effective in reducing blood pressure, heart rate, and promoting SDNN, TP, and nHF. In addition, music therapy, aromatherapy, and mixed music therapy with aromatherapy were found to reduce the sympathetic nervous system activity while elevate the parasympathetic nervous system activity which can lead to a physiological relaxation effect. Results from both ANCOVA and standardized percentage changes showed that music therapy was more effective than the control in leading to a physiological relaxation as indicated by a decrease in the sympathetic nervous system activity and an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system activity. However, no synergistic effect on the autonomic nervous system was observed in the mixed music therapy with aromatherapy group. The findings described in this study can be served as a reference for studies of music therapy and aromatherapy in the future.

論文口試委員審定書.....................................i
謝誌...................................................ii
中文摘要...............................................iv
英文摘要...............................................vi
目次...................................................ix
表目次.................................................xii
圖目次.................................................xiii
中英文縮寫全文對照表...................................xiv
正文目次
　
第一章 研究背景........................................1
1.1 研究動機與重要性...................................1
1.2名詞界定............................................3
1.3 研究目的...........................................6
1.4 研究架構...........................................6
　
第二章 文獻回顧........................................8
2.1 生理...............................................8
2.2 心率變異...........................................12
2.3 音樂療法...........................................17
2.4 芳香療法...........................................23
　
第三章 研究方法........................................28
3.1 研究設計...........................................28
3.2 研究對象及場所 .....................................28
3.3 研究工具...........................................30
3.4 研究步驟...........................................31
3.5 資料分析...........................................32
　
第四章 研究結果........................................34
4.1研究對象年齡、體重、身高、身體質量指數資料分析.....34
4.2靜坐組組內血壓、QRS波、HRV前後差異比較..............37
4.3音樂療法組組內血壓、QRS波、HRV前後差異比較..........40
4.4芳香療法組組內血壓、QRS波、HRV前後差異比較..........43
4.5音樂療法合併芳香療法組組內血壓、QRS波、HRV前後差異
比較................................................46
4.6四組組間差異比較....................................49
　
第五章 討論............................................73
5.1 音樂療法組血壓與心率變異相關性討論.................73
5.2 芳香療法組血壓與心率變異相關性討論.................75
5.3 四組血壓與心率變異相關性討論.......................76
5.4 音樂療法組或芳香療法組與音樂療法合併芳香療法組
比較之相關性討論.......................................77
　
第六章 結論............................................79
　
第七章 研究限制及建議..................................80
　
參考文獻...............................................82
　
附錄一 南華大學試驗計畫志願（同意）書.................92

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