臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

This research focuses on the way how Mozart keyboard music intended to be played with certain techniques and its literature in early classical period and how it should be approached. Those arguments are not meant to limit musical abilities and possibilities with modern instruments, but rather to have distinctions and differences in time period of music such as Romantic. In other words, informing how to make a keyboard playing sound classical rather than Romantic, and giving evidences.
This thesis consists of seven chapters. Firstly, there is an introduction to this topic. This contains introduction to this topic and its research methods. Secondly, there are brief introductions of the time period and its material availability; those can be technology-based which decide the ability of the instrument they had, influences of lifestyles and cultural references which leads to its music style. Thirdly, there are specific techniques and appropriate approaches towards the instrument in that time; those are articulations, ornamentations, pedaling, tempo controlling, and phrasings used in keyboard compositions. Fourthly, there is a disciplined encounter with technical difficulties of classical keyboard music. Fifthly, there are explanations of a composition with analysis which would bring some ideas how it is related with certain technical potion and its instrumental and theoretical function. Hence, in this chapter, with analyzing of particular problems, there are figures how they ought to be solved and practiced by demonstrating examples and providing suggestions. Seventhly, there are score comparisons that describe how musical editions and urtexts interpreted the music and what they suggest. At the end, there are closing statements for this research with conclusions.

Chapter 1 1
Introduction 1
1.1 Purpose of This Research 1
1.2 Research Methods for Technical Discussions 3
Chapter 2 4
Brief History of Classical Music and Its Instruments 4
2.1. Definition of Classical Music 4
2.2. Its Society and Culture 7
2.3. Keyboard Music in Classical Period 8
2.4. Keyboard Instruments in Classical Time 9
2.4.1. Harpsichord 9
2.4.2. Clavichord 11
2.4.3. Fortepiano/Pianoforte 13
2.4.4. Modern Piano 14
2.4.5. Comparison 14
Chapter 3 16
Techniques for Mozart Keyboard Instruments 16
3.1. Articulation 16
3.2. Ornamentations 18
3.3. Use of Rubato 20
3.4. Pedaling 20
Chapter 4 23
Technical Problems and Solutions 23
4.1. Speed 23
4.2. Scales and Arpeggios 25
4.3. Memorizations 26
4.4. Fingerings 27
4.5. How to work on those problems 28
4.5.1. Random beat practice 28
4.4.2. Practicing of not-to-play 28
4.4.3. Shadow Practice 29
4.4.4. Mirroring Practice 29
4.4.5. Transposing 29
4.4.6. Excessive Rhyme Patterns Exercises 29
Chapter 5 30
Analysis and Approaches, Piano Sonata in B flat Major K. 333 30
Critical Analysis of Sonata K333 in B-flat Major 30
5.1.　Background Information 30
About This Piece 30
5.1.1. Instrument 30
5.1.2. Edition 31
5.2. I. Allegro 31
5.3. II.Andante cantabile 33
5.3. III. Allegretto grazioso 35
Chapter 6 39
Score Comparison 39
6.1. Urtexts 39
6.2. Edited Editions 40
6.3. Skeptical Material 42
Chapter 7 48
Conclusions 48
Bibliography 49
Examples
[Ex. 1] Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 III Allegretto grazioso mm.171 – 173 9
[Ex. 2] Example of Articulation 17
[Ex. 3] Example of Grace Notes 18
[Ex. 4] Example of Appoggiatura 18
[Ex. 5] Example of Cadential Trill, Mozart Piano Sonata K333. I Allegro mm.57 – 58 19
[Ex. 6] Trill Variations by Pianists 19
[Ex. 7] Example of Etude by Czerny 110 Easy and Progressive Exercises Op. 453 No. 17, mm.1 – 4 21
[Ex. 8] Example of Chopin Ballade No. 1 Op. 23, mm. 6 – 10 21
[Ex. 9] Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K. 333 I. Allegro mm.1 – 4 21
[Ex. 10] Example of Mozart Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, Allegro mm.106 27
[Ex. 11] Example of Mozart Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, Allegro mm.131 – 132 27
[Ex. 12] Example of Mozart Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, Allegro mm.267 - 271 27
[Ex. 13] Example of Mozart Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, Allegro 281 27
[Ex. 14] Example of Mozart Piano Concerto No. 23 in A major, Allegro 28
[Ex. 15] Johan Christian Bach Op.17 No. 4 Zehn Klavier-Sonaten mm.1 – 3 30
[Ex. 16] Henle: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 – 3 40
[Ex. 17]Perters: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 – 4 40
[Ex. 18]Weiners: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 – 4 40
[Ex. 19] Alfred: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 – 4 40
[Ex. 20]Schirmer: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 – 4 41
[Ex. 21] Breitkopf & Härtel : Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 – 4 41
[Ex. 22]Bartok: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 – 4 41
[Ex. 23] Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 41
[Ex. 24]Peters: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 41
[Ex. 25] Bartok: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.1 – 4 42
[Ex. 26] Schirmer: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.23 and 31 42
[Ex. 27]Edited Editions: Bartok: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.23 and 31 42
[Ex. 28] Urtexts: Bartok: Example of Mozart Piano Sonata K.333 I. Allegro, mm.23 and 31 43
[Ex. 29]Example of Henle and Schirmers Edition, K333 1 Allegro mm.49 43
[Ex. 30] Example of Henle and Schirmers Edition, K333 1 Allegro mm.45 44
[Ex. 31] Example of Henle K333 1 Allegro mm.71 45
[Ex. 32] Example of Schirmer K333 1 Allegro mm.71 45
[Ex. 33] Example of Henle’s K333 I Allegro, mm.1 – 3 46
[Ex. 34] Example of Schirmer K333 I Allegro, mm.1 – 3 46
[Ex. 35] Example of Breitkopf & Härtel K570 mm. 1 – 4 47
[Ex. 36] Example of Henle K570 mm. 1 – 4 47
Figures
[Fig. 1] Mechanism of Harpsichord 10
[Fig. 2] Mechanism of Clavichord 11
[Fig. 3] Mechanism of Fortepiano 13
[Fig. 4] Mechanism of Modern Piano 14
Tables
[Table 1] Comparison Between Baroque and Classical Era 6
[Table 2] Historical Events in 18th Century 7
[Table 3] Instruments’ specifications 15
[Table 4] Modern Instruments’ Key Weight 15
[Table 5] Size of Keys 15
[Table 6] Characteristics of Keys in 18th and 19th Centuries 24
[Table 7] Characteristics of Keys in today 25
[Table 8]Analysis of First Movement of K333 32
[Table 9] Analysis of Second Movement of K333 34
[Table 10] Analysis of Third Movement of K333 36
[Table 11]Example of professionals' recordings 43
[Table 12] Recording Comparison for K333 I Allegro mm. 71 45

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