臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

肢蹄腳弱綜合症（osteochondrosis, OC）為一種豬場的常見疾病，臨床上以行走站立異常或是無法支撐體重為特徵，而被認為是造成種豬腳弱之主因。目前國內對於此症之研究甚少，故本試驗為區分成三試驗，以期調查中央檢定站公豬OC發生率及杜洛克公豬步態參數、OC與生長性能之關聯，再者透過餵飼28天複合營養添加劑對於杜洛克公豬步態參數之影響。試驗一調查150日齡檢定完成杜洛克、藍瑞斯和約克夏之OC發生率，以4級制步態評分方法區分0分為正常、1分為輕微、2分為明顯以及3分為嚴重，1-3分歸納為罹患OC公豬，復以測定步態評分0和1分杜洛克之步態參數。結果顯示，經調查全期發現，杜洛克、藍瑞斯和約克夏公豬OC發生率分別為11.61、17.35和21.57%。罹患OC杜洛克公豬的後腳步幅和步伐顯著較正常豬減少5-7 cm（P < 0.05）。試驗二分析三個品種純種豬罹患OC對於生長性能之影響。結果顯示，藍瑞斯罹患OC顯著降低隻日增重和生長指數，而杜洛克罹患OC顯著提高飼料利用效率值（採食量/日增重）（P < 0.05）。復以相關分析發現杜洛克罹患OC與飼料利用效率值呈現顯著正相關（r = 0.16, P < 0.01），藍瑞斯罹患OC與隻日增重（r = -0.19, P < 0.05）與生長指數（r = -0.18, P < 0.05）均呈現顯著負相關，而約克夏罹患OC與隻日增重（r = -0.30, P < 0.05）、飼料利用效率（r = 0.30, P < 0.05）及生長指數（r = -0.38, P < 0.01）均具有顯著相關性。試驗三於檢定完成後將78頭杜洛克檢定合格公豬區分為正常和OC患豬，並分別餵飼澱粉（對照組）與複合營養（營養組），以2×2複因子試驗設計探討複合營養對於杜洛克步態參數之影響。結果顯示，無論是正常、OC患豬或有無添加複合營養均不影響杜洛克之步態參數，且正常豬與患豬之肢蹄結構也無差異。綜合上述結果，全期OC發生率約14.33%，而杜洛克罹患OC的後腳步幅和步伐較正常豬減少5-7 cm。罹患OC降低藍瑞斯之隻日增重和提高杜洛克之飼料利用效率值，但餵飼28天複合營養無法改善OC患豬之步態參數。

Osteochondrosis (OC), characterized by abnormal walking and standing, causes leg weakness and troubles body weight supporting, which is more often seen in breeding pigs expressing superior growth performance. The study is designed to reveal the prevalence of OC in young boars undertaking performance test and the likely nutritional improvement measure under the subtropical environment of Taiwan since the complications have not yet been fully disclosed. Three trials were conducted, the first one was to understand the incidence of OC and the gait parameters in Duroc boars at the test station; the second one was to realize the correlation between OC and growth performance. Trial 3 was designed to understand the likely beneficial effects of 28 days multi-nutritional supplementations on the gait parameters of Duroc boars. In the first trial, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire boars were scored on a 4-level gait of 0: normal, 1: mild, 2: obvious, and 3: severe at the end of the 150-day age testing and the normality of 88.39, 82.65 and 78.43% were respectively obtained. The gait parameters differed significantly (P < 0.05) between normal and OC Duroc boars that showed 7.64 and 5.00 cm less in the stride length and step length, respectively. In the second trial, the impact of OC on the growth performance of three purebred pigs was investigated. The results showed that OC significantly reduced average daily gain (ADG) and growth index in Landrace (P < 0.05), while in Duroc, OC significantly increased feed utilization efficiency (FE, feed intake/ weight gain) (P < 0.05). Significance correlation was also found that in Duroc, OC was positively correlated with FE (r = 0.16, P < 0.01); in Landrace, OC was negatively correlated with ADG (r = -0.19, P < 0.05) and growth index (r = -0.18, P < 0.05). However, in Yorkshire, OC was significantly correlated with ADG (r = -0.30, P < 0.05), FE (r = 0.30, P < 0.05) and growth index (r = -0.38, P < 0.01). In the third trial, 78 Duroc test-qualified boars were categorized into normal and OC pigs and they were fed with starch (control group) and compound nutrition (treatment group), respectively. A 2×2 multiple-factor test design was adopted to investigate the effects of multi-nutritional supplements on Duroc's gait parameters. The results showed that the treatment exerted no effect on Duroc's gait parameters regardless of initial physical conditions (normal vs OC). In conclusion, the prevalence of OC in young boars was 14.33% in the test station of Taiwan. In OC Duroc boars, a shorter rear stride and step length of 5.00-7.64 cm was recorded with inferior growth performance. The subsequent multi-nutritional supplementation for 28 days benefited little on the gait parameters.

摘要 I
Abstract II
致謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 IX
壹、前言 1
貳、文獻探討 3
一、腳部問題對養豬產業所造成之影響 3
二、肢蹄腳弱綜合症之致病原理與發病機制 3
三、肢蹄腳弱綜合症之好發部位 4
四、肢蹄腳弱綜合症與生長速率之關聯 4
五、影響肢蹄腳弱綜合症之因素分析 5
（一）遺傳因素 5
1. 性別 5
2. 品種 6
3. 基因 6
（二）飼養因素 8
1. 生長階段 8
2. 飼養密度 8
3. 地面材質 9
4. 運動量 10
5. 單欄飼養和群體飼養 10
（三）飼料營養因素 11
1. 飼料營養濃度 11
2. 必需胺基酸 11
3. 非必需胺基酸 12
4. 礦物質 12
5. 維生素 13
（四）疾病與病原性關節炎 14
六、豬隻罹患肢蹄腳弱綜合症之判別方法 15
參、材料與方法 21
一、試驗設計與飼養管理 21
（一）試驗一：發生率調查及杜洛克公豬步態參數 21
（二）試驗二：肢蹄腳弱綜合症與生長性能之關聯性 23
（三）試驗三：餵飼複合營養對於肢蹄腳弱綜合症之影響 23
二、試驗資料之記錄與量測方法 25
（一）豬舍溫濕度記錄 25
（二）視覺評估方法 25
（三）生長性能 25
（四）步態參數 26
（五）肢蹄結構型態 30
三、統計分析 33
肆、結果 34
一、試驗一 34
二、試驗二 40
三、試驗三 44
伍、討論 47
一、發生率調查 47
二、肢蹄腳弱綜合症與生長性能之關聯 48
三、杜洛克公豬罹患肢蹄腳弱綜合症對於步態參數之影響 49
陸、結論 50
柒、參考文獻 51

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