臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：益生菌被認為有益於免疫、發炎及改善腸道健康等功效，然而針對運動表現，仍有許多知識需要開拓。我們先前證實植物乳酸桿菌株TWK10可顯著提升小鼠運動耐力、降低疲勞指標等功效，然而TWK10是否在人體也具有相同的生理活性，則需要更進一步證實。因此，本研究以腸道菌相變化與能量調控之觀點探討植物乳桿菌TWK10對於提升人體運動表現、抗疲勞及生理適應之效益。方法：透過招募健康成年男性40位女性40位受試者，並依據男性、女性最大攝氧量數值進行平衡次序分組，共分作下列五組：對照組(給予安慰劑Placebo)、低劑量組(TWK10-Low-dose)、中劑量組(TWK10-Mid-dose)、高劑量組(TWK10-High-dose)、熱死菌組(TWK10-Heat-kill)。實驗分成兩階段進行，中間排空2個月後，將第一階段時安慰劑組與高劑量組進行補充樣品交換。各階段實驗皆連續補充六週後，依序進行運動表現與抗疲勞相關測試，項目包括：以固定運動強度進行最大耐力時間挑戰、以固定運動時間挑戰後血乳酸、血氨、葡萄糖濃度與肌酸激酶活性之變化情形，並檢測身體組成及分析腸道菌相。結果：實驗數據顯示，在運動表現方面，補充TWK10的中、高及熱死菌劑量三組皆於兩階段分別在跑步機力竭時間，皆顯著比安慰劑組提升(P<0.05)。中、高劑量組於兩階段則可分別顯著降低與疲勞相關之生化指標包括：血乳酸與血氨濃度(P<0.05)，此外，高劑量TWK10補充後相較於安慰劑組能顯著降低體脂肪及增加肌肉量。結論：本研究證實補充植物乳酸桿菌TWK10能增加腸道乳酸菌屬比例，並且能夠顯著提升運動表現、降低運動中疲勞指標生成，並具有增肌減脂之功效

Probiotics are considered beneficial for immunity, inflammation and gut health. But there is little known about exercise performance. We have showed that Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 supplementation could improve exercise performance and increase muscle mass in mice. However, the ergogenic effect of TWK10 supplementation in humans is not confirmed yet. In this study, 40 healthy adult males and 40 females were recruited, and divided into five groups based on the maximum oxygen uptake as follows: control group (placebo), low-dose group (TWK10-low dose), medium-dose group (TWK10-Mid dose), high-dose group (TWK10-High dose), heat-kill bacteria group (TWK10-Heat-kill). The functional and physiological assessments were conducted by exhaustive treadmill exercise measurements (85% VO2max), and related biochemical indices were measured before and after TWK10 administration. Fatigue-associated indices, including lactic acid, blood ammonia, blood glucose, and creatinine kinase, were continuously monitored during 30 min of exercise and a 90 min rest period using fixed intensity exercise challenges (60% VO2max) to understand the physiological adaptation, as well as the body composition and fecal microbiota. Results showed that exhaustion time on the treadmill of the medium, high and heat-kill groups were all significantly higher than the placebo group at these two stage (P<0.05). Moreover, the high dose group was significantly reduce fatigue-related biochemical indicators, and improved body composition and increased muscle mass at these two stages (P<0.05). In conclusion, a 6-week-supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 can increase the proportion of genus Lactobacillus, and can significantly improve exercise performance, reduce the fatigue indicators during exercise, and TWK10 could also increase muscle mass and reduce fat weight.

摘要..............................................................................................I
Abstract......................................................................................II
致謝...........................................................................................III
目錄............................................................................................V
表目錄....................................................................................VIII
圖目錄.......................................................................................IX
第壹章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究動機與目的 3
第三節 研究範圍與假設 4
第貳章 文獻回顧 5
第一節 腸道微生物與運動相關研究之探討 5
第二節 益生菌或益生質與運動相關研究之探討 13
第三節 探討運動與疲勞指標相關研究 20
第四節 總體基因學相關研究 24
第五節 文獻小結 28
第參章 材料與方法 29
第一節 實驗測試樣品 29
第二節 實驗對象與分組 30
第三節 最大攝氧量(VO2max)測試 32
第四節 固定強度與時間之運動與疲勞指標測試 34
第五節 以85% VO2max運動至力竭之耐力運動測試 36
第六節 身體組成檢測分析 36
第七節 腸道中總體基因學分析 36
第八節 實驗流程圖 41
第九節 統計結果分析 42
第肆章 結果與討論 43
第一節 受試者基本資料 43
第二節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後及第二階段增補後，受試者營養增補情形及飲食狀況 44
第三節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後及第二階段增補介入後，受試者身體組成之變化情形 47
第四節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10補充對於以85％VO2max進行運動挑戰後提升跑步運動力竭時間(運動表現)之效果 50
第五節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10補充對於以固定強度60％VO2max血乳酸濃度變化之情形 52
第六節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10補充對於以固定強度60％VO2max血中氨濃度變化之情形 60
第七節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10補充對於以固定強度60％VO2max運動挑戰後血液CK濃度變化之情形 67
第八節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10補充對於以固定強度60％VO2max運動挑戰後葡萄糖濃度變化之情形 74
第九節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10補充對於以固定強度60％VO2max運動挑戰後臨床血液生化數值變化之情形 81
第十節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10補充對於以固定強度60％VO2max運動挑戰後血液學數值變化之情形 92
第十一節 植物乳酸桿菌TWK10補充對於腸道菌相變化及組成分析 99
第十二節 研究優勢與限制 102
第伍章 結論 103
參考文獻 104
附表..........................................................................................145
附件-RPE運動自覺量表 149
附件-人體試驗委員會審查同意證明 150

 
表目錄
表1、益生菌補充於動物模式中提升運動表現之相關研究 17
表2、益生菌補充於人體中提升運動表現之相關研究 19
表3、受試者基本資料 120
表4、受試者飲食紀錄與分析 121
表5、受試者補充TWK10對於身體組成變化之影響 122
表6、男性受試者補充TWK10對於血液肝功能指標(AST、ALT)之影響 123
表7、女性受試者補充TWK10對於血液肝功能指標(AST、ALT)之影響 124
表8、男性受試者補充TWK10對於血液腎功能指標(BUN、CREA、UA)之影響 125
表9、女性受試者補充TWK10對於血液腎功能指標(BUN、CREA、UA)之影響 126
表10、男性受試者補充TWK10對於脂肪酸代謝指標(FFA、Glycerol)之影響 127
表11、女性受試者補充TWK10對於脂肪酸代謝指標(FFA、Glycerol)之影響 128
表12、受試者第一階段TWK10補充前對於血球計數之影響 129
表13、受試者第一階段TWK10補充後對於血球計數之影響 130
表14、受試者第二階段TWK10補充後對於血球計數之影響 131
表15、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後α-多樣性指標 132
表16、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後組間差異 ANOSIM 分析 133

 
圖目錄
圖1、腸道微生物對線粒體能量產生的調節 7
圖2、腸道通透性與免疫及發炎反應之影響 11
圖3、運動、疾病、飲食與藥物影響腸道菌對於肌肉及及發炎反應機制 12
圖4、傳統Sanger與NGS分析比較 26
圖5、腸道微生物組的以基因組為中心的NGS檢測方法 27
圖6、實驗設計圖 32
圖7、最大攝氧量示意圖 33
圖8、採血時間點說明圖。 35
圖9、實驗流程圖 41
圖10、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10對於跑步機運動力竭時間表現之影響 134
圖11、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後及第二階段增補後以固定強度60％VO2max進行運動挑戰後血乳酸濃度變化之情形 135
圖12、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後及第二階段增補後以固定強度60％VO2max進行運動挑戰後血氨濃度變化之情形 136
圖13、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後及第二階段增補後以固定強度60％VO2max進行運動挑戰後CPK濃度變化之情形 137
圖14、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後及第二階段增補後以固定強度60％VO2max進行運動挑戰後葡萄糖濃度變化之情形 138
圖15、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後腸道菌相物種相對豐度之情形 139
圖16、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後厚壁菌門與擬桿菌門比值 140
圖17、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補前、後腸道菌相beta diversity PCoA分析 141
圖18、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補後腸道菌相組間物種差異比較 142
圖19、補充植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於補充第一階段增補前、後腸道菌屬階層中之相對豐度 143
圖20、植物乳酸桿菌TWK10於第一階段增補後具有顯著差異之生物標記 144

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