臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

首先，研究結果顯示兒童最易遭受的虐待類型以身體虐待佔多數，其次是性侵害，依序為疏忽、攜子自殺，最後是心理虐待。又男童比女童易遭受的虐待類型為身體虐待；女童比男童易遭受的虐待類型為性侵害。另從加害者分析得知兒童遭受身體虐待部分，以父親為多數，母親次之；疏忽以母親佔多數，父母次之；性虐待則以父親為多數，其次為陌生人，再其次為網友；攜子自殺則以母親與父親所佔各半。
第二，研究者歸納新聞案件、社工與警察所認定的年齡之危機程度提出兒童年齡的虐待之參考指數為，0-2歲為各虐待類型之致死之第一高危險群；3-5歲為各虐待類型之致死之觀察期；6-8歲階段為各虐待類型之高度危機；9-10歲為各虐待類型之中度危機；11-13歲以上為各虐待類型之低度危機。
第三，虐待危機因素有，照顧者對其受傷解釋不一、否認不合作的態度，且對子女有敵意，有喝酒、藥癮等習慣，有前科、憂鬱症、曾自殺、家人同睡一起、玩身體接觸遊戲等，而且多數傾向親友、鄰里不相往來、離婚、同居，以及財務困難、母不在家或是外出、未能及時幫兒童報戶口、未婚生子等，亦會提高兒童處於家庭中的不安全性。另外，兒童易遭受虐待致死之高危險群因素有，兒童有調皮、好哭、早產兒、不服管教或是有不當行為發生時，加上施虐者狀況：體罰、無法控制情緒、為報復而傷害兒童、視孩童為出氣筒等，以及失業、欠債、感情不佳、夫妻爭吵等，此可作為研判兒童虐待指標之參考依據。
第四，案情研判上，研究顯示出警察人員與社工人員在其內部的一致性研判仍有意見相歧，其結果介於中間值未達到顯著的水準。然而，研究也發現社工人員在情境故事之研判準確度稍微高於警察人員，而且其偏重於嚴重程度與家庭壓力等的危機程度，其結果顯示出社工人員在此的研判數值較高於警察人員。
根據研究的結論，本研究提出以下五點建議。1.虐待指標評估的一致性。2.危機模式工具的實用性。3.醫學診斷報告的時效性。4.法院調查報告的正當性。5.社會資源管道的多元性。以上期針對現有的危機模式評估工具為主，採以精算的科學檢驗模式來提昇專家證詞之可被接受度與建構一套新的虐待指標量表工具，藉以提升評估工具內容的的準確度，也能適時的將相關的社會資源介入家庭中以突破家庭的界線，或是伴隨而來的家庭支持性的保護服務以協助家庭恢復其完整性，相對著也能提高兒保專業人員針對案件做一專業的判斷與分析的有力之參考依據。

First of all, the result of study shows that children abuse the majority of taking with the physical in type of maltreating easiest to suffer, secondly it is the sexual, maltreated by the psychology at the end in order to neglect , minder commit suicide with the family together in order. And boy''s type of maltreating easier to suffer than the girl is physical abuse; Girl''s type of maltreating easier to suffer than the boy is as sexual abuse. Another analyze from the persons who injure that learns that children are maltreated some by the physical, regarding father as the majority, mother takes second place; Neglecting taking the majority with mother, parents take second place; Maltreating and regarding father as the majority in sex, secondly is a stranger, secondly is a net friend; Minder commit suicide with the family together half and half with mother and father.
Second, the researcher sums up the case of the news, reference index maltreated of offering children''s age of crisis degree of the age asserted of social worker and policeman, maltreat first high dangerous group causing death for all kinds of at 0-2 years old, 3-5 years old stage for is it maltreat observation period with crisis to cause death ,6-8 years old high age stage of crisis, 9-10 years old middle age stage of crisis, 11 years old - law degree of crises of being over the 13.
Third, have crisis factor often taking place for the majority in behavior of likes Minder explication not uniform, contravention and non-cooperation , for children animus, have bad habit such as drink and drug, or previous criminal record, hypochondria, and once suicide history, additionally family member have sleep together in the bed, play body’s touch game, and most incline to divorce or cohabitation, society isolation, in addition, the financial affairs are difficult, mother not home etc., will also improve children''s uncertainty in the family. on the death crisis factor of the specialties of children often taking place for the majority in situation of likes be naughty , crying, early newborn babying , and not agree with disciplining or irregularity behavior etc, in addition, abuser have punishment, not control emotion, hurt children with a vengeance and unemployment, liability, spouse quarrel and affection not good etc., make be facing toward can improve the judgment and effective reference basis of analysis to the children abuse indication.
Fourth, the case’s assessment, research demonstrates that the policeman and social worker, study and judge looks fork of suggestions in their inside consistency, its result lies between middle value and has not been reaching the apparent level . But, study too and find that social worker , are higher than the policeman in the accuracy of studying and judging of the situation story, and the more all demonstrating studying and judging the degree number value of the crisis and is relatively higher than the police personnel of the personnel , worker of society , of crisis degree in the severity and family''s pressure ,etc..
According to the conclusion studied , originally research and propose five following suggestions. 1.Consistency of maltreating the index and assessing. 2.Practicability of the crisis way tool. 3.Prescroption of the medical diagnosis report. 4.Court''s survey report one is proper. 5.Pluralism of the social resource channel . Assess tools as the main fact in the above crisis way to being existing of one, the ones that adopted and examined the way to promote expert''s testimony with the precise science that can be regarded as can be accepted degree with build and construct a set of new form tools of amount of index maltreated, use to improve the accuracy of assessing content of tools, can be in good time too to get involved in relevant social resources in order to break through the boundary line of the family in the family, or the following family''s supporting protection service is by helping the family to resume its integrality , make be facing toward can improve the professional personnel of children''s protection service care and make a specialized judgment and effective reference basis of analysis to the case tooling .

第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------- 1
第一節 前言-------------------------------------------- 1
第二節 研究動機與目的---------------------------------- 4
第三節 名詞釋義---------------------------------------- 6

第二章 文獻探討-------------------------------------- 11
第一節 兒童虐待相關因素探討------------------------- 11
壹、 介入困境--------------------------------------- 11
貳、 虐待指標之相關因素研究------------------------- 20
參、 虐待診斷工具相關研究--------------------------- 36

第二節 兒童保護服務---------------------------------- 38
壹、法律規定---------------------------------------- 38
貳、司法程序---------------------------------------- 39
參、保護服務---------------------------------------- 39

第三節 虐待危機評估研究------------------------------ 47
壹、危機評估系統------------------------------------ 47
貳、危機評估分析------------------------------------ 60

第三章 研究方法--------------------------------------- 59
第一節 研究架構-------------------------------------- 59
第二節 研究工具-------------------------------------- 62
第三節 資料分析-------------------------------------- 68

第四章 研究結果--------------------------------------- 71
第一節 新聞資料之內容分析---------------------------- 71
第二節 新聞案件之內容分析---------------------------- 92
第三節 兒童保護服務分析----------------------------- 107
第四節 問卷內容分析--------------------------------- 116

第五章 結論與建議------------------------------------ 131
第一節 研究結論------------------------------------- 131
第二節 研究建議------------------------------------- 139
第三節 研究限制------------------------------------- 141

參考書目
一、中文部分------------------------------------------ 142
二、英文部分------------------------------------------ 143
三、報紙部分------------------------------------------ 149

附錄
附錄一：問卷調查表------------------------------------ 166

表 次
表 2-1 體罰與身體虐待之差異表-------------------------- 12
表 2-2 國內虐待診斷相關研究表-------------------------- 37
表 2-3 保護服務類型------------------------------------ 41
表 2-4 五種危機評估系統-------------------------------- 55
表 3-1 問卷回收表-------------------------------------- 61
表 4-1 虐待類型---------------------------------------- 71
表 4-2 兒童年齡次數分配表------------------------------ 72
表 4-3 兒童年齡與虐待類型交叉表------------------------ 73
表 4-4 虐待類型、危機程度與兒童年齡之交叉表------------ 75
表 4-5 兒童性別次數分配表------------------------------ 76
表 4-6 虐待類型、危機程度與兒童評估之交叉表------------ 77
表 4-7 受傷部位、虐待類型與危機程度之交叉表------------ 78
表 4-8 受傷狀況、虐待類型與危機程度之交叉表------------ 80
表 4-9 虐待工具、虐待類型與危機程度之交叉表------------ 81
表 4-10 虐待類型與施虐者之交叉表----------------------- 84
表 4-11 施虐者對子女的態度與虐待類型之交叉表----------- 85
表 4-12 施虐者對事件的態度與虐待類型之交叉表----------- 86
表 4-13 施虐者狀況與虐待類型之交叉表------------------- 87
表 4-14 家庭因素與虐待類型之交叉表--------------------- 88
表 4-15 新聞案件之虐待指標參考表----------------------- 89
表 4-16 情境、職稱與保護服務之交叉表------------------ 114
表 4-17 情境、職稱與司法程序之交叉表------------------ 115
表 4-18 虐待類型之Wilcoxon的符號順位檢定表------------ 118
表 4-19 虐待類型與職稱交叉表-------------------------- 119
表 4-20 危險性與嚴重程度之Kappa表--------------------- 120
表 4-21 情境、危險性與職業交叉表---------------------- 121
表 4-22 案件準確度與職稱之交叉表---------------------- 122
表 4-23 兒童年齡與職業之交叉表(N=54)------------------ 123
表 4-24 兒童狀況與職業之交叉表(N=54) ----------------- 124
表 4-25 照顧者狀況與職業交叉表(N=54)------------------ 126
表 4-26 情境、職業與嚴重程度交叉表-------------------- 128
表 4-27 受傷程度與職業交叉表(N=54) ------------------- 129
表 4-28 家庭狀況與職業交叉表(N=54) ------------------- 130
表 5-1 兒童年齡之虐待指標參考表----------------------- 132
表 5-2 虐待危機指標之參考表--------------------------- 135
表 5-3 兒童保護服務類型表----------------------------- 137

圖 次
圖3-1 研究架構---------------------------------------- 59

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