臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

外來鳥種白尾八哥(Acridotheres javanicus)與家八哥(A. tristis)在已在能台灣大量繁衍，並有研究者認為白尾八哥與台灣原生種冠八哥(A. cristatellus)在棲地使用上有重疊的現象。本研究欲建立三種八哥在一天不同時段與不同月份間的群棲數量變化之基本資料並比較三種八哥在群棲時的行為頻度，及其繁殖巢洞的特性與棲地類型，以推測三種八哥間的相互關係。
本研究從2005年6月至2006年5月，每月在四個調查樣地，記錄調查線上所發現的八哥數量。結果發現在10月份至隔年2月份的14:00~18:00傍晚時段有較高的群棲數量。八哥群棲行為的觀察採焦點(focal)與掃描(scan)輪替的記錄方式，發現在群棲中，三種八哥在不同行為頻度上有顯著差異。在焦點的觀察記錄裡，移動與警戒行為具有較高的發生頻度，此結果可能與八哥的覓食策略有關。當群棲內僅由白尾八哥組成時，白尾八哥的覓食個體比例與群棲數量有顯著的正相關。這可能與群棲內的個體相互分擔警戒的工作，進而增加覓食時間，或是因為能夠藉由群棲內其他個體得知食物的位置，增加覓食機會所致。此外，冠八哥與家八哥的各項行為個體比例與群棲數量間則沒有顯著的相關性，由此推測群棲對冠八哥與家八哥的各項行為沒有顯著的作用。
在巢洞棲地的分析上，發現三種八哥在巢洞附近的棲地類型上均無顯著差異。雖然本研究在冠八哥與家八哥所收集到的巢數資料較少，但在三種八哥所利用巢洞之鄰近棲地類型可能極為相近。

White-vented myna and Common myna are exotic species in Taiwan. They maybe used habitat might overlaping that of native specie, Crested myna in Taiwan. Three mynas always perform mixed-species flock in Taiwan, so We want to count the variation of mynas’ flock size during one day of each month in study site to build background data information. Then We recorded mynas’ flocking behavior and compared nest-hole habitat among three mynas to discuss the relationship among them.
From June 2005 to May 2006, We counted the numbers of mynas in four study areas .Most individuals was found from 14:00 to 18:00 betWeen October 2005 and February 2006. We also recorded behavior by focal and scan sampling when mynas forage in flocks. The results of flock behaviors show there Were significant difference in the frequency of six flocking behaviors among three mynas. All of them shoWed more frequency in movement and vigilance. It maybe possibly related to foraging strategy of mynas. When flock size increased, the numbers of eating individuals increased in the White-vented myna single specie flock. It seemed that increasing members of flocks will decrease the time in vigilance and increase more time in eating for individual. HoWever, Common myna and Crested myna both have no significant correlation betWeen individual numbers and flock sizes. Comparing nest-hole habitat among three myna species, We also found there was no significant difference.

中文摘要.................................................III
英文摘要..................................................IV
表目錄.....................................................V
圖目錄....................................................VI
前言.......................................................1
材料與方法.................................................6
一、研究物種...............................................6
二、研究樣地...............................................6
三、研究方法...............................................7
1.八哥數量的日變化與月變化...............................7
2.群棲行為觀察...........................................8
3.巢洞與鄰近棲地測量.....................................9
4.分析方法..............................................12
結果
1.八哥數量的日變化與月變化..............................15
2.群棲行為觀察..........................................20
3.巢洞與鄰近棲地測量....................................23
討論
1.八哥數量的日變化與月變化..............................25
2.群棲行為觀察..........................................27
3.巢洞與鄰近棲地測量....................................31
結論......................................................34
參考文獻..................................................35
表........................................................44
圖........................................................54

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