臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在限制溫室氣體排放的壓力下，再生能源成為全球能源結構重要的一環，追日式太陽能光電尤其重要，但習用閉迴路系統視準管設計上有改善空間。因此，本研究主要目的為設計一組裝簡易之雙軸太陽能追日裝置，其主要構件為內含菲涅爾透鏡之視準管，與以光纖連結之控制單元。結果發現：一、以一螺旋與一線性菲涅爾透鏡之設計，可將光線二次聚焦至一細光帶，完全不同於習用追日專利及文獻所見之光點、光面追日方式。二、光纖前端安排於細光帶適當位置，後端接光敏電阻與控制單元，改善習用視準管光感元件裸露導致汙損、老化之問題。三、本裝置構件以模組化設計，方便日後維護。四、實測結果顯示本追蹤裝置精度可達3ﾟ以內，晴天日照下，發電效率則較固定式高約37.4%。建議一、發展客製化菲涅爾鏡以微型化視準管。二、結合自動控制電路或其他方式提高精度，以利應用於低聚光太陽能光電(LCPV)系統。

Renewable energy has become an important part of the global energy structure, under the pressure of greenhouse gas (GHGs) reduction. Solar tracking system is especially important. However, there is still room for improvement for the collimator used in the closed-loop tracking system. Therefore, this study aims to design a simple dual-axis tracking device, which consists of a collimator made of Fresnel lens and optic fiber that links to the control units. Our discoveries include 1. The use of one spiral and one linear Fresnel lens turns the incoming light into a narrow stripe, which is totally different from a dot or spot found in patents and literature. 2. The front end of the optic fiber is placed where the stripe is and the rear end is linked to the light detecting resistors (LDRs) and control units; thus, and contamination and ageing due to exposure of the LDRs to the exterior environment is prevented. 3. Modulation of the device helps the maintenance work later. 4. The field measurements show that our device can achieve the tracking precision within three degrees; under a sunny day, the power generation can be increased up to 37.4% compared with fixed solar panels. Our suggestions include 1. To develop customized Fresnel lens in order to reduce the size of the collimator. 2. To integrate with automation circuit or other methods to improve precision that a low concentration photovoltaic (LCPV) system requires.

目錄
摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 10
1.3論文架構 10
第二章 文獻探討 12
2.1太陽與大氣 12
2.2太陽能追日系統 16
2.3太陽能專利回顧 19
第三章 材料與方法 32
3.1設備材料 32
3.2研究方法 50
3.2.1追日公式 50
3.2.2追日實驗資料蒐集方法 52
第四章 結果與討論 53
4.1設計與測試 55
4.2追蹤精度與發電效益 61
第五章 結論與建議 63
5.1結論 63
5.2建議 64
參考文獻 65


表目錄
表3-1 菲涅爾追日裝置初步設計概念 33
表3-2 單晶太陽能模組 36
表3-3 菲涅爾透鏡 37
表3-4 鋁塑複合板 37
表3-5 塑膠光纖 38
表3-6 光纖材料特性 38
表3-7 光纖接頭 39
表3-8 雙蕊塑膠光纖切割刀 39
表3-9 同步皮帶齒輪 40
表3-10 橡膠同步皮帶 40
表3-11 蝸輪蝸桿減速馬達直流減速電機 41
表3-12 電動推桿 41
表3-13 控制電路 42
表3-14 降壓電源模組 42
表3-15 電壓電流表 43
表3-16 角度感測器 44
表3-17 數據傳輸模組 44
表3-18 紅外線熱像儀 45
表3-19 日輻射功率計 46
表3-20 日射強度計 47
表3-21 數位三用電錶 48
表3-22 電子數位傾角儀 49
表4-1 水平旋轉與垂直傾仰模組 53
表4-2 太陽光追蹤模組聚焦透鏡結構 54
表4-3 太陽光追蹤模組光感測方法 54
表4-4 太陽光追蹤模組光傳輸方法 55

圖目錄
圖1-1 1968-2013年原油價格波動重大事件 1
圖1-2 1990-2011 世界CO2 排放量及驅動因素 2
圖1-3 2002-2013 二氧化碳含量變化 3
圖1-4 1950-2013不同地區的溫度異常趨勢 3
圖1-5 1979-2012年北極和南極海冰面積異常 4
圖1-6 非水力發電再生能源安裝總數與預測 8
圖1-7 2012台灣能源供給結構 9
圖1-8 研究架構圖 11
圖2-1 太陽總輻照度變化 12
圖2-2 不同大氣光程夾角 14
圖2-3 不同大氣光程下太陽光頻譜照度 14
圖2-4 能源資源總量 15
圖2-5 1986-2005全球日照量 15
圖2-6 太陽能發電系統架構 16
圖2-7 不同類型菲涅爾透鏡 17
圖2-8 閉迴路光感測追蹤器原理 18
圖2-9 視準管與光二極體陣列 19
圖2-10 追日裝置 19
圖2-11 太陽能追日裝置 20
圖2-12 太陽能追日結構 20
圖2-13 高聚光太陽能電池模組 21
圖2-14 太陽能線性菲涅爾聚光透鏡 21
圖2-15 太陽能集熱裝置之追光控制器 22
圖2-16 雙軸轉動的太陽能追日裝置 22
圖2-17 太陽能追光感測器結構 23
圖2-18 太陽能發電裝置及其追日感測器 23
圖2-19 太陽光感測器 24
圖2-20 提高太陽能追蹤器精度之結構 24
圖2-21 太陽能晶片自體感測之追日系統 25
圖2-22 追日系統轉動角度之感應結構 25
圖2-23 用於太陽能板追日設備之驅動裝置 26
圖2-24 太陽光光纖導引照明系統 26
圖2-25 太陽光纖照明系統 27
圖2-26 光纖照明固定器 27
圖2-27 本創作之菲涅爾透鏡追日裝置 31
圖2-28 本創作之太陽光追蹤模組立體圖 31
圖3-1 涅爾透鏡追日裝置第一型(左)與菲涅爾追日裝置視準管(右) 33
圖3-2 菲涅爾追日裝置第二型設計示意圖(上)實體圖(下) 34
圖3-3 追日裝置雙軸與太陽成垂直狀態 35
圖3-4 黃道示意圖 50
圖3-5 入射角與方位角示意圖 51
圖3-6 角度感測器人機介面 52
圖4-1 2013年4月23日 仰角偏差趨勢 55
圖4-2 2013年4月23日 方位角偏差趨勢 56
圖4-3 2013年4月23日 仰角偏差 56
圖4-4 2013年4月23日 方位角偏差 56
圖4-5 2013年4月23日 偏差角度與日照強度關係 57
圖4-6 第二型機構設計示意圖 58
圖4-7 第二型仰角結構實體圖 58
圖4-8 第一型視準管溫度 59
圖4-9 第二型視準管與光纖固定器 59
圖4-10 角度感測器與防水盒 60
圖4-11 2013年12月05日 偏差角度與日照強度關係 61
圖4-12 2013年12月06日 偏差角度與日照強度關係 62
圖4-13 2013年12月06日 固定式與雙軸發電比較 62

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