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The theory of color constancy has been proposed by German scientists, H. V. Helmholtz and Ewald Hering, one century ago. The following researchers dedicated in this field by using different methods to prove it, including James Clerk Maxwell, Edwin Land, Seki, etc.. In research by Edwin Land, he described that the human brain was able to recognize the real color of certain object, not being influenced by the changes of the color of light from the environment. However, in Land’s experiment, the subjects have learned the correct colors before colored lights were imposed. As a result, the reports of the subjects might be affected by their memory rather than their observation. Therefore, we think that the theory of color constancy needs to be empirically verified. The purpose of this study was to figure out whether the theorem of color constancy is true or not. We selected several objects, each with its own particular color, simulated by different colors of light, and found the difficulty in identifying the original colors. We suspected that the color constancy might not correct. The two-step experiment was designed; the first step was to testify whether memory would interfer the answers by the subjects, and the second was to examine if subjects could identify the correct, or original, colors of the objects. In the beginning of this study, we collected the references and put in the qualified analysis. After then, the data of the experiment was made in the quantitative method. Research findings suggest that memory will interfere the outcome of the experiment and make the subjects uneasy to identify the original colors of the objects. Therefore, we conclude that it is necessary to think over the accuracy of color constancy and this theory needs to be verified. Key words: color constancy, color theory, vision, memory
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