臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
本研究目的為希望提供人站立在不同高度且不同視覺下時可以有更安全的環境。現今許多人在不同高度且可能具有危險性之環境中進行工作，而每種高處作業都有意外發生的可能，例如工作人員站立於鷹架上施工，清潔人員站立於升降梯上清洗戶外玻璃和洗洗外牆磁磚，台電工人站立於高處維修路燈或電纜線，油漆工人站立於工具梯上粉刷牆壁等等的高處活動。而這些活動容易造成人致命和非致命的傷害事故原因，例如跌倒高度，工人年齡，墜落高度。然而高處作業分別在室內和室外進行施工，而室內和室外進行施工通常會產生不可預測的工作環境，如灰塵和泥土的表面污染由於各種活動之間的相互作用，工作環境和場地變化頻繁。在動態環境下，施工現場未有良好的危害評估，使施工人員在操作過程中產生額外的安全隱患，另外在實際施工中另一項影響因素為靜止姿勢下的穩定性，造成高處墜落跌倒的可能原因在於人無法有效的控制自身平衡，「平衡」是一種多系統功能，能夠讓人在站立、坐或換各種姿勢時保持身體直日常中平衡是重要與必備的身體技能，我們日常中身體會因為非故意或是意外而跌倒，改變了身體的位置，讓身體失去重心時人無法立即且有效的作出反應。
因此本研究欲設計為前導式實驗探討在三種不同高度下0公分、50公分、100公分與不同視覺感受睜眼、閉眼時青年人之平衡能力之差異，使用壓力中心點進行生理測量並分別轉換為平均距離、均方根距離、總距離、平均速度、晃動範圍做分析。
根據本研究結果發現不同高度下得知0公分站立高度跟50公分與100公分站立高度相比之下0公分的晃動範圍較大，而造成晃動範圍大的原因則是因為左右方向的晃動造成。對於不同視覺狀態下的傳統指標不具明顯影響。從不高度和睜眼閉眼來看身體左右晃動的穩定度程度比身體前後晃動的穩定程度差，因此在不同高度中人應該多加注意左右狀況比前後狀況來的重要。
透過結果希望未來能夠應用在高處的活動中，可以供未來建立良好的工作環境時有基本建議讓未來可以根據此實驗為基礎，進行對不同高度且不同視覺狀態下更深入探討，讓工作環境有良好的改善減少意外發生的可能性。

關鍵詞：青年人、不同高度、視覺狀態、壓力中心點、平衡

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to provide a safer environment for people who want to stand at different heights with various visibility conditions. Nowadays, many people work at different heights and in potentially dangerous environments; example of this includes staff standing on construction scaffolds, cleaning staff standing on the elevator to clean the outdoor glass and washing the external walls of tiles, workers standing high above during the maintenance of street lamps or cables, paint workers standing on the tall ladder to paint the walls and so on. These activities are likely to cause fatal and non-fatal injuries; factors such as the height of the platform, the age of workers and the height of the fall determine the type of injury a person might be subject to. However, high-altitude operations are carried out indoors and outdoors, while indoor and outdoor construction usually results in unpredictable working conditions such as dusty and dirty surfaces due to the interaction between the various activities, frequent changes in the working environment and site. In the dynamic environment, construction workers incur in additional security risks during the completion of their tasks, particularly their posture stability. The reason behind people falling is their lack of control of their own balance; "balance" is a multi-system function that allows people to stand, sit or change their posture. To maintain the body’s daily balance, it is important to have certain physical skills. Humans often experience unintentional or accidental falls due to changes in body position, which result in the body losing its center of gravity and people not being able to respond immediately and effectively. This research is designed to study the effect of different height levels (0 cm, 50 cm, 100 cm) and different visual conditions (eyes open, eyes closed) on the balance of young people; making use of the center of pressure points for physiological measurement and conversion, as well as to calculate the average distance, root mean square distance, total distance, average speed and shaking range.
According to the results found in this study, the height levels of 0 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm standing heights, compared to those of levels under the shaking condition, present a smaller range of movement in the left and right directions. The different visual conditions do not appear to have a significant impact on the results. From the height and eyes closed conditions, it appears that the degree of stability present before and after the shaking is different; therefore, we should pay attention to the situations both before and after.
Through the results we hope that in the future they can be used to create good working environments. Some of our recommendations for the future are discussed in the discussion portion of this work.

Keywords: young people, different heights, visual conditions, center of pressure, balance

摘要 I
ABSTRACT III
誌謝 V
目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻探討 4
2.1 平衡 4
2.2 高度之平衡 5
2.3 視覺之平衡 5
2.4 壓力中心點(CENTER OF PRESSURE，COP) 6
第三章 研究方法 8
3.1 研究對象與條件限制 8
3.2 實驗環境 10
3.3 研究儀器與設備 11
3.4 實驗流程 12
3.5 統計分析 13
3.5.1 資料整理 13
3.5.2 統計資料分析 14
3.5.3 分析方法 14
第四章 研究結果 18
4.1 COP傳統數據分析 18
4.1.1 不同高度的生理值 18
4.1.2 不同視覺狀態的生理值 32
4.1.3 不同高度與視覺狀態下的生理值 45
第五章 討論 60
5.1 人在不同高度下的影響性 60
5.2 人在不同視覺下的影響性 61
5.3 人在不同高度與不同視覺下的影響性 61
第六章 結論與建議 64
參考文獻 65
附錄一 行為與社會科學研究倫理審查核可證明 71
附錄二 基本資料 72
附錄三 分析結果ANOVA表 73

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