臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

引擎正時系統用以控制汽門開啟與關閉的時機，運轉時動力自曲軸藉由靜音鏈傳遞至凸輪軸，以驅動汽門開關。鏈條張力過小時，將造成運轉時鏈條振動幅度增加而有跳齒的可能，導致引擎時序錯亂，甚至於引擎失效。因此在引擎正時系統中設置了鬆邊導桿與鏈條張力器維持鏈條張力，然而在長時間的運轉下，鬆邊導桿容易斷裂，為了瞭解鬆邊導桿損壞的原因，本研究以基於多體動力學之商用軟體建立300 cc機車引擎正時系統模型，並進行動態分析以瞭解鏈條張力、導桿受力與張力器受力等動態行為，其中為了設定模型參數，將以實驗、理論與靈敏度分析尋找參數並確定參數正確性；而以動態分析得到導桿受力後，將導桿受力匯入有限元素分析軟體中進行鬆邊導桿的應力分析，以判斷鬆邊導桿損壞之可能原因。同時，本研究參考軟體分析靜音鏈的假設與理論方法，建立簡化的靜音鏈數學模型以瞭解軟體內部設定，包含用以計算物體間接觸的連續接觸力模型，以及取代旋轉接頭用以連接鏈目的軸襯力元素。最後，本研究進行了動態實驗量測汽門機構產生的阻力矩及鏈條張力器受力，以檢驗引擎正時系統模型之正確性，同時可以間接證實模擬結果中的鏈條張力及導桿受力與實驗結果相符。

Engine timing systems are used to control engine valves. In timing systems, silent chains are applied to transmit power from crankshafts to camshafts. In practice, ensuring appropriate tension is essential, since small tension may cause unsmooth motion and vibration. Therefore, guides and tensioners are used to maintain proper tension. However, the slack-span guide is prone to damage after long-term operations. In this study, a timing system for a 300 cc motorcycle engine is modeled by commercial software based on multi-body dynamics. Dynamic analysis is conducted to investigate the dynamic behavior of the timing system, such as chain tension, contact forces and tensioner force. To determine model parameters, experiments, theories and sensitivity analysis are utilized to ensure that the parameters are proper. To illustrate why the slack-span guide fails, stress analysis of the guide is performed by software based on finite element method after dynamic analysis. In addition, the simplified mathematical model of silent chain drives is established to understand how the commercial software analyze the dynamic behavior of silent chain drives. Therefore, the mathematical model is based on the same assumptions and theories as the software, such as bushing force elements and continuous contact force model. Finally, dynamic experiments are conducted to verify the simulation results.

摘要 I
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENT OF A TIMING-CHAIN SYSTEM FOR MOTORCYCLE ENGINES II
誌謝 VIII
目錄 IX
表目錄 XVI
圖目錄 XVIII
符號說明 XXIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 背景介紹 1
1.1.1 引擎正時系統 1
1.1.2 靜音鏈 2
1.1.3 弦線作用 4
1.2 文獻回顧 5
1.2.1 鏈條傳動機構 5
1.2.2 剛體接觸力模型 8
1.3 動機與目標 10
1.4 論文架構 11
第二章 引擎正時系統之電腦輔助分析模型 13
2.1 前言 13
2.2 電腦輔助分析模型 14
2.2.1 靜音鏈傳動機構模型 14
2.2.2 汽門機構模型 19
2.3 連續接觸力理論 20
2.4 軸襯力元素 24
2.5 鏈條張力器模型 27
2.6 本章小結 28
第三章 模型參數研究 29
3.1 前言 29
3.2 鏈條參數 30
3.2.1 鏈條拉伸實驗 31
3.2.2 鏈條單擺實驗 33
3.3 接觸勁度 34
3.3.1 圓柱接觸力模型 34
3.3.2 鏈目與鏈輪間接觸勁度 36
3.3.3 鏈目與導桿間接觸勁度 37
3.3.4 接觸勁度選定 38
3.4 參數靈敏度分析 38
3.4.1 鏈條徑向阻尼(ctr) 39
3.4.2 接觸勁度(kc) 41
3.4.3 接觸阻尼(cc) 42
3.4.4 鏈條於x方向及y方向的旋轉勁度(krx、kry) 44
3.4.5 鏈條於x方向及y方向的旋轉阻尼(crx、cry) 45
3.5 鏈條張力器參數 45
3.5.1 張力器預頂出量 47
3.5.2 張力器頂出力閾值 49
3.5.3 張力器給定頂出速度 49
3.6 本章小結 50
第四章 引擎正時系統之電腦輔助分析結果 52
4.1 前言 52
4.1.1 模擬中的主動輪轉速 53
4.1.2 模擬設定 54
4.1.3 鏈目位置編號 54
4.2 定力矩靜音鏈模型之模擬結果 56
4.2.1 鏈條張力與接觸力 56
4.2.2 緊邊與鬆邊張力差異原因 57
4.2.3 鏈條張力器受力 59
4.3 引擎正時系統模型之模擬結果 60
4.3.1 從動輪阻力矩 60
4.3.2 鏈條張力與接觸力 61
4.3.3 鏈條張力器受力 62
4.4 引擎正時系統模型於高轉速下之動態行為 63
4.4.1 從動輪阻力矩 63
4.4.2 鏈條張力與張力器受力 63
4.4.3 鏈條慣性對鏈條張力的影響 64
4.5 不同鏈目輪廓對鏈條動態行為的影響 65
4.6 影響模擬完成時間之因素 67
4.7 鬆邊導桿有限元素模型 68
4.7.1 網格分割 68
4.7.2 導桿受力與邊界條件 69
4.7.3 導桿材料 70
4.8 鬆邊導桿應力分析 71
4.8.1 2000 rpm時鬆邊導桿應力分析 71
4.8.2 8000 rpm時鬆邊導桿應力分析 74
4.8.3 張力器受力 75
4.9 本章小結 76
第五章 靜音鏈數學模型 77
5.1 前言 77
5.2 模型概述 78
5.2.1 運動方程式 78
5.2.2 座標轉換 80
5.3 軸襯力元素 81
5.4 接觸力 83
5.4.1 初步接觸偵測 84
5.4.2 鏈輪齒數判斷 85
5.4.3 鏈輪細部接觸偵測 86
5.4.4 導桿細部接觸偵測 91
5.5 數學模型參數設定 92
5.6 數學模型初始條件 94
5.7 數學模型結果 96
5.7.1 鏈條張力與接觸力 97
5.7.2 模擬完成時間之比較 99
5.8 本章小結 99
第六章 引擎正時系統實驗驗證 100
6.1 前言 100
6.2 實驗規劃 101
6.2.1 實驗配置 101
6.2.2 鋁合金導桿 102
6.2.3 實驗設備規格 103
6.3 實驗方法 104
6.4 汽門機構阻力矩實驗結果 105
6.5 鏈條張力器受力實驗結果 106
6.5.1 定力矩實驗 106
6.5.2 引擎正時系統實驗 108
6.6 高轉速下的引擎正時系統實驗 109
6.6.1 高轉速實驗配置 109
6.6.2 高轉速實驗結果 110
6.7 橡膠導桿實驗 112
6.7.1 鏈條張力器受力 112
6.7.2 橡膠導桿應力分析 113
6.8 本章小結 115
第七章 結論與未來工作 116
7.1 結論 116
7.2 未來工作 118
參考文獻 120
著作權 124

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