臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

亨莉艾塔・玻斯曼絲（Henriëtte Hilda Bosmans, 1895-1952）是19世紀末、20世紀初活躍於荷蘭樂壇的女性音樂家。在創作的生涯中，玻斯曼絲為確保個人創作的自由度以及作品的中立性，玻斯曼絲拒絕加入任何藝文組織或者進入音樂院擔任教職，甚至在第二次世界大戰納粹政府執政之時，也毫不妥協在社會及政治的壓力之下。在作曲家們於浪漫主義的框架中追尋自我風格的時期，玻斯曼絲將德奧樂派的浪漫主義化為養分，在和聲方面更著重音響的色彩，配器的風格則注重織度的層次與明暗，成功地創造出屬於自己的獨特風格。

早年玻斯曼絲創作許多樂曲獻給她的音樂家朋友，《給大提琴與鋼琴的奏鳴曲》即為玻斯曼絲於1919年獻予大提琴家陸凡松（Marix Loevensohn, 1880-1943）的作品。樂曲中除了能聽見玻斯曼絲嚴謹的音樂結構與富有情感的歌唱性，她亦擅用大小調的特性，加入全音音階來豐富旋律及和聲的色彩，四個樂章間的動機相互流通、發展，再加上第一樂章與第四樂章的主題旋律首尾呼應，使作品更具整體性。此外，由於玻斯曼絲同時身為作曲家與鋼琴家的身份，更能理解演奏者的需要並精準地透過術語與記號給予演奏家詮釋上的幫助，演奏者透過樂譜即可清楚地理解玻斯曼絲的創作理念。

本研究分為四章：第一章導論說明研究目的與動機；第二章著重於分析樂曲的結構、動機並樂章間動機的關聯與發展；第三章則根據第二章樂曲分析的結果說明樂曲詮釋與實際演奏的問題與考量；第四章為結論。望透過本研究提高音樂家與其作品於國內外的能見度與演奏機會，使當代音樂家重新重視以往容易被埋沒的作品。

Henriëtte Hilda Bosmans (1895-1952) was one of the most active musicians in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century in the Netherlands. To preserve the freedom of her compositional output and the impartiality of her works, Bosmans refused to join or teach any official musical institution. While all the other musicians were struggling to create pieces from the framework of German romanticism, she successfully incorporated the German romanticism into her pieces yet set a unique style of herself.

In the early life of Bosmans, she composed pieces for her fellow musicians. “Sonata for Cello and Piano” was dedicated to her cellist friend Matrix Loevensohn (1880-1943) in 1919. The compact design of structures, expressive singing melodies, the contrasting color of major and minor keys, and the use of whole tone scales stand out in this composition. In addition, the development of motives among all four movements and the echo of the first theme in the coda of the last movement enhances the integrity of the music. Being both a composer and a pianist, she notated in the perspective of both identities. Therefore, her use of musical terminology and indications supports and clarifies her musical intentions.

This study consists of four chapters. First chapter is an introduction to the study which includes the motivation, the purpose to the research, and the life of Henriette Bosmans. Second chapter is an analysis of the musical form and motives among the four movements. As a result of the analysis, the third chapter discusses the interpretation and issues that may be considered during performance. Fourth chapter concludes the research.

The researcher is hoping that through this study will give more awareness to the beauty of the work, creating interest in performing this sonata; also, to bring forth lesser-known composers and compositions that are not performed any more by musicians these days.

目次

誌謝辭 i
摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目次 v
表目錄 vii
譜例目錄 viii

第一章 導論 1
第一節 研究目的與動機 1
第二節 作曲家背景 3

第二章 樂曲分析 13
第一節 第一樂章之樂曲分析 14
第二節 第二樂章之樂曲分析 38
第三節 第三樂章之樂曲分析 43
第四節 第四樂章之樂曲分析 45

第三章 樂曲詮釋 55
第一節 第一樂章之演奏詮釋 55
第二節 第二樂章之演奏詮釋 64
第三節 第三樂章之演奏詮釋 66
第四節 第四樂章之演奏詮釋 69

第四章 結論 75

參考書目 77

參考書目
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Berry, Wallace. Form in Music: An Examination of Traditional Techniques of Musical Form and Their Applications in Historical and Contemporary Styles. Prentice-Hall, 1986.

“Donemus.” Accessed March 27, 2022. https://donemus.nl/.

Kolsteeg, Johan. “Donemus Foundation.” Grove Music Online. 2001. Accessed March 27, 2022. https://www-oxfordmusiconline-com.dbs.tnua.edu.tw/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000007997?rskey=B7HhoE&result=1.

Latham, Alison LathamAlison. “Overdotting.” In The Oxford Companion to Music, edited by Alison Latham. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199579037.001.0001/acref-9780199579037-e-4926.

McVicker, Mary F. Women Composers of Classical Music: 369 Biographies from 1550 into the 20th Century. Jefferson, UNITED STATES: McFarland & Company, Incorporated Publishers, 2011. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/tnua/detail.action?docID=679313.

Metzelaar, Helen. “Bosmans, Henriëtte (Hilda).” Grove Music Online 2001. Accessed August 27, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.03662.

Muller, Sheila D. Dutch Art: An Encyclopedia. Routledge, 2013.
Ryker, Harrison. “Pijper, Willem.” Grove Music Online 2001. Accessed March 25, 2022. https://www-oxfordmusiconline-com.dbs.tnua.edu.tw/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000021754.

Scheltinga, Evelien. Museums, Modernity and Conflict: Museums and Collections in and of War since the Nineteenth Century. Edited by Kate Hill. Routledge, 2020.