臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要先以有限差分之數值分析程式探討在地震情況下MSEW加勁擋土牆之行為，因此針對該目的規劃進行動態抗張與動態拉出試驗方法。另外依據FHWA中潛變試驗之規定，必需進行一萬小時之潛變試驗方可提供用以估算加勁格網長期設計強度所需之潛變折減係數。
在MSEW加勁擋土牆動態行為分析結果方面，首先就牆體內部加勁材之軸力與牆面側向位移進行探討，並發現FHWA之估算變形經驗曲線只可適用於高度小於6m之MSEW加勁擋土牆；同時亦探討靜態情況下，最大設計高度達15m之MSEW加勁擋土牆其側向位移之變化情形；最後並建議一方法來估算依FHWA進行動態設計之MSEW加勁擋土牆之側向位移；本研究也發現加勁材其埋設長度與回折長度愈長，加勁牆面之變形量愈小。
在國產加勁格網之潛變試驗中，本研究也發現經一萬小時試驗所獲得之潛變折減係數約為FHWA估算平均值之60﹪。

The major goal of this research is to propose a numerical analysis technique in Finite Difference Method for analyzing the Mechanical Stabilized Earth Wall（MSEW）under earthquake condition . Therefore , a dynamic tensile test method and a dynamic pullout test method were designed in this study . According to the creep test required by FHWA , a test period up to 10,000 hours was also performed in order to provide a creep reduction factor for the long term design tensile strength of geogrids .
From the analysis results of the dynamic behavior of MSEW , we investigate the axial force of geogrids inside the wall and the lateral displacement of the wall faces . It is found that the lateral deformation of MSEW suggested by FHWA is really limited to a high of six meters under static condition . The lateral deformations of MSEW up to a high of 15 meters under static condition were investigated in this research as well as under seismic condition . A method for estimating the lateral displacement of the face of MSEW based upon FHWA seismic design method was recommended finally . It is also found that the larger the designed embedded length and the wrapped-around length the smaller the deformation .
In creep test , it is found that the creep reduction factor of our geogrid specimens are only about 60﹪of the value required by FHWA .

第一章 前言1
1.1 研究動機1
1.2 研究架構1
1.3 研究內容與流程2
第二章 文獻回顧3
2.1 加勁擋土牆穩定分析3
2.1.1 靜態內外部穩定分析3
2.1.2 動態耐震分析4
2.2 FHWA加勁擋土牆設計5
2.2.1 靜態外部穩定設計步驟6
2.2.2 靜態內部穩定設計步驟7
2.2.3 動態外部穩定設計步驟9
2.2.4 動態內部穩定設計步驟10
2.3 加勁牆體動態行為11
2.3.1 加勁牆體側向變形行為12
2.3.2 加勁牆體容許側向變形預估13
2.3.3 加勁材軸力分佈與破壞面位置15
2.3.4 加勁牆體放大效應16
2.4 加勁土壤數值分析模式16
2.4.1 土壤元素分析模式17
2.4.2 加勁材元素分析模式17
2.4.3 分析模式採用之差異18
2.4.4 靜態案例數值分析19
2.4.5 動態案例數值分析19
2.5 加勁材拉出行為20
2.6 加勁材潛變效應22
第三章 試驗設備與方法24
3.1 試驗設備24
3.1.1 潛變試驗儀24
3.1.2 地工織物力學試驗儀24
3.1.3 地工織物動態力學試驗儀24
3.1.4 量測系統25
3.1.4.1 荷重計（Load cell）與位移計（L.V.D.T.）25
3.1.4.2 自動計讀系統25
3.2 試驗材料26
3.2.1 試驗用砂與細粒料26
3.2.2 試驗用加勁材27
3.3 試驗步驟27
3.3.1 潛變試驗27
3.3.2 不同細粒料含量下之拉出試驗28
3.3.2.1 細粒料含量調配28
3.3.2.2 拉出試驗步驟28
3.3.3 動態抗張試驗29
3.3.4 動態拉出試驗29
3.4 試驗數量30
第四章 試驗成果與分析31
4.1 潛變試驗31
4.1.1 潛變圖形之意義31
4.1.1.1 等應力潛變曲線31
4.1.1.2 等時間潛變曲線32
4.1.1.3 等應變潛變曲線33
4.1.1.4 應力破壞曲線33
4.1.2 潛變折減安全係數33
4.2 不同細粒料含量下之拉出試驗34
4.2.1 細粒料含量與土壤之互制34
4.2.2 拉出阻抗與界面係數35
4.3 加勁格網動態試驗36
4.3.1 動態荷重增量決定模式36
4.3.2 動態抗張試驗37
4.3.3 動態拉出試驗38
第五章 加勁擋土牆靜動態參數之分析選取40
5.1 加勁擋土牆靜態數值分析架構40
5.1.1 尺寸設計與分析網格40
5.1.2 加勁材靜態參數模式41
5.1.3 土壤靜態參數模式41
5.2 加勁擋土牆動態數值分析架構43
5.2.1 基盤位置43
5.2.2 反覆動態荷重決定44
5.2.3 加勁材動態參數模式44
5.2.4 土壤動態參數模式44
5.2.5 土壤阻尼模式45
第六章 加勁擋土結構動態分析結果與討論47
6.1 加勁擋土牆之動態行為47
6.1.1 加勁材軸力47
6.1.2 牆面變形量48
6.2 FHWA設計準則探討49
6.2.1 加勁材強度規範比較49
6.2.2 牆面變形量規範比較51
6.3 加勁牆面變形量之估算方法51
6.3.1 FHWA變位修正曲線與臨界埋置長度52
6.3.1.1 變位修正曲線52
6.3.1.2 臨界埋置長度52
6.3.2 變位形狀查圖法53
6.4 加勁材靜動態設計參數比較54
6.5 加勁牆面變形量之影響因素55
6.5.1 加勁材埋置長度55
6.5.2 加勁材回折長度56
6.5.3 加勁材垂直間距56
6.5.4 地震力之水平加速度56
6.5.5 地震力之頻率57
6.5.6 土壤之雷利阻尼模式57
6.6 不同坡角加勁結構之動態行為57
6.6.1 參數選取58
6.6.2 加勁材軸力58
6.6.3 側向變形量59
第七章 結論與建議60
7.1 結論60
7.2 建議61
參考文獻62
附表69
附圖78

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