臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

根據2014年CIA, WorldFactbook的估計，臺灣在2014年的新生兒性別比是1.07，顯示出生性別比偏頗的問題仍存在，每年有許多女嬰持續受到性別篩選而消失。為了解決失衡的出生性別比問題，國民健康局自2010年5月起開始有了加強稽核的行動，除了建立出生性別比監測機制以掌握各接生院所新生兒性別比，並且也實際針對出生性別比例居前10％及25％的醫療院所及接生醫師進行實地的稽查與輔導，相較於以往，此政策更具備強制性的監督與管制，而本研究主要想要分析在該政策的執行下，對於臺灣新生兒性別比是否有顯著的改善。
利用簡單差異的分析，研究結果顯示，高出生性別比醫療院所(簡稱為H型醫院)的男嬰比例在政策後有相對顯著的下降，除此之外，當偏好男嬰的父母所在的地區有較高比例的前50% H型醫院時，政策的實施使得這些父母面臨較高的性別篩選成本提升，限制了他們在尋求產前性別篩選管道的機會，因而反映出臺灣出生性別比的改善，然而，當設定H型醫院為前10%及前25%時，卻沒有這樣的現象發生。由於對出生性別比造成影響的變數仍有很多，因此我們無法斷然解釋H型醫院男嬰比例的下降，全是起因於政策所引發的效果，若存在除了政策以外的變數，同樣會促使H型醫院的男嬰比例有相對顯著的下降，則對於政策是否使得這些醫院的出生性別比問題有所改善，仍有待保留。

According to CIA, WorldFactbook, Taiwan’s newborn sex ratio in 2014 is around 1.07, which reveals that the problem of high newborn sex ratio still exists today and female infants constantly disappeared due to sex selection year after year. In order to solve the biased newborn sex ratio problem, NHI implemented a Prohibited Sex-Selective Abortion Policy in May, 2010. Apart from building up a monitor system to control every hospital’s newborn sex ratio, they specifically take more inspection and guidance on those with top 10% and top 25% high newborn sex ratio’s hospital and obstetricians. Compared to the government’s former policies, this one seems to be more compulsory. And this research’s main idea is to test whether this policy significantly improve Taiwan’s newborn sex ratio problem.
With the analysis of simple difference, the result shows that hospitals with high newborn sex ratio do have a significant decline in their proportion of men to total infants. Besides, for areas with higher proportion of H-type hospitals, the implementation of this policy forces parents in this area with son preference to face higher cost of prenatal sex selection, resulting in a decline of men to total infant ratio. However, this consequence only exists in the top 50% H-type hospitals, when we set up H-type hospitals as top 10% and top 25% high, there is no significant difference. Since there are still many factors that may cause an effect on newborn sex ratio, we cannot explain the decline of male to total infant ratio in H-type hospitals is completely the contribution of the policy. That is, whether this policy can improve Taiwan’s newborn sex ratio problem still remain further discussion.

目 錄
口試委員會審定書……………………………………………………………… i
中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………. ii
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………. iii
第一章 緒論………………………………………………………………….. 1
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………………….. 5
第一節 「經濟因素」對出生性別比的影響……………………………..… 5
第二節 「科技與墮胎合法化」對出生性別比的影響…………………… 7
第三節 「政策」對出生性別比的影響…………………………………… 9
第三章 政策背景與資料敘述…………………………………………………. 11
第一節 政策背景…………………………...………………………………. 11
第二節 資料來源…………………………...………………………………. 12
第二節 資料敘述…………………………...………………………………. 13
(一) 個體資料敘述………………………..…………………..… 13
(二) 醫院資料敘述………………………..…………..………… 18
第四章 實證分析.………………………………………………………..…….. 22
第一節 出生性別比改變的原因……………...………...…………..…… 23
第二節 地區加強稽核強度差異對個體的影響…...…………..…...…… 25
第三節 政策對於醫療院所的影響…...……………………………….… 30
第四節 政策對於醫療院所中各胎次的影響…...…………….....……… 33
第五節 研究結果詮釋與討論…………………...………………..…...… 37
第五章 結論…………………….…………………………………………….... 41
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………….…… 42

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國民健康署新聞稿
[1]「性別原罪？臺灣每年消失約4千名女嬰」，2010年6月。
[2]「報載「誰在驗性別『包生男』？ 衛署開鍘」國民健康局之說明」，2010年8月。
[3]「防範性別比失衡 全民有責 再不改善，考慮移送檢調偵辦!」，2011年5月。
[4]「下降啦！出生性別比，創16年來最低值!」，2012年1月。
[5]「衛生署國民健康局再次說明：未禁止懷孕晚期超音波告知胎兒性別」，2012年2月。
[6]「縮小出生性別落差，再降至25年來最低!」，2012年2月。
[7]「縣市衛生局出生性別比稽查成果」，2013年3月。