臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

青少年是個體在生理、心理、社會經歷重大轉變的時期，其心理健康與人際關係等層面皆有特殊的發展階段性，值得心理學及教育學者特別關注。本研究從正向心理學中廣為人知的「感恩」概念，探討青少年感恩與心理健康及利社會行為之關連，並將感恩對象的脈絡性納入加以探討。
本研究目的可分為二：研究一旨在發展出適合國內青少年的感恩施測工具，包含一般感恩量表的修訂以及特殊對象感恩量表，同時發展出適合國內青少年之利社會行為量表測量工具；研究二旨在探討青少年一般感恩、特殊對象感恩與心理健康及利社會行為之關連，特別是本研究認為當一般感恩被控制後，青少年特殊對象感恩對於心理健康及利社會行為仍具有獨特之貢獻。
研究一經量表的信度、效度分析後發現，「一般感恩量表」、「特殊對象感恩量表」及「利社會行為量表」皆適用於國內青少年群體。
研究二結果顯示：1.青少年感恩與正向心理健康指標（主觀幸福感、自尊）為正相關，與負向心理健康指標（憂鬱）為負相關，與利社會行為（一般利社會行為、學校利社會行為、盡本分行為）為正相關。2.階層回歸分析結果顯示，控制社會期許與一般感恩之後，特殊對象感恩仍對心理健康與利社會行為有獨立預測力；不同對象感恩對於心理健康、利社會行為指標呈現出不同的預測效果。
綜合而言，本研究結果建議，不管是一般的感恩概念或對特殊對象的感恩，對於青少年的心理健康及利社會行為皆扮演關鍵性的角色。

Individuals experience tremendous changes on physical, psychological and social domain in adolescent period, which earn extra attention of researchers for their specific process of developmental issues. The study uses the well-known construct of ’gratitude’ from positive psychology to understand the relationship between adolescents’ gratitude and mental health/prosocial behavior, considering the effect of objective-specific gratitude
The two main objectives of the study are: 1. to revise or development ideal tools assessing adolescents’ gratitude, including general and object-specific gratitude, also an adolescent prosocial behavior scale. 2. to investigate the relationship between gratitude/ important-others gratitude and mental health/prosocial behavior; specifically, when social desire/general gratitude is controlled, does object-specific gratitude still predicts the variables independently.
The result of Study 1 shows that all three scales of the study (gratitude questionnaire, important-others gratitude questionnaire, and adolescent prosocial behavior scale) have good reliability and validity on adolescents in Taiwan.
The result of study 2 shows that 1. Adolescents’ gratitude positively correlated with mental health and prosocial behavior. 2. The result of regression analysis shows that, after controlling social desirability and general gratitude, important-others gratitude still predicted mental health and prosocial behavior independently; different important-others gratitude predicted different indexes of mental health and prosocial behavior uniquely.
To summarize, the study suggests that both general and important-others gratitude contribute to a crucial role on adolescents’ mental health and prosocial behavior.

第一章 緒論............................................1
第二章 文獻回顧........................................3
 感恩的意涵........................................3
- 感恩之定義.........................................3
- 感恩構念之獨特性...................................3
- 感恩構念在兒童青少年之發發.........................4
 感恩與心理健康之關係..............................6
- 感恩與正負向情感之關係.............................8
- 感恩與其他心理健康指標之關係.......................8
- 青少年的感恩與心理健康之關係.......................9
 青少年感恩構念之測量.............................10
- 過去施測於兒童及青少年之感恩測量工具..............10
- 以GQ-6測量國內青少年感恩之適切性..................11
- 測量特殊脈絡感恩之重要性..........................11
 感恩與利社會行為.................................11
- 感恩的利社會意涵..................................11
- 感恩與給予及合作行為..............................14
- 感恩與其他利社會指標..............................14
- 青少年之感恩與利社會行為..........................15
- 青少年利社會行為之測量............................16
 特殊對象感恩與心理健康、利社會行為之關係.........16




第三章 研究一..........................................18
I. 緒論與研究目的....................................18

II. 研究方法.........................................19
1. 研究對象..........................................19
2. 研究流程..........................................21
3. 量表編制過程......................................21
4. 研究工具..........................................22
5. 分析方法..........................................24
III. 研究結果........................................25
 感恩量表..........................................25
(1)、 信度分析.......................................25
(2)、 因素分析.......................................25
(3)、 效度分析.......................................26

 感恩對象量表
(1)、 信度分析.......................................30
(2)、 因素分析.......................................31
(3)、 效度分析.......................................33
 青少年利社會行為量表
(1)、 信度分析.......................................37
(2)、 因素分析.......................................37
(3)、 效度分析.......................................42
IV. 討論.............................................45



第四章 研究二 .........................................48
I. 緒論..............................................48
1. 青少年之特殊對象感恩與心理健康之關係..............49
i. 青少年之重要他人關係與幸福感......................49
ii. 青少年之重要他人關係與自尊.......................49
iii. 青少年之重要他人關係與憂鬱......................49
2. 少年之特殊對象感恩與利社會行為之關係..............50
i. 青少年之重要他人關係與一般利社會行為..............50
ii. 青少年之重要他人關係與學校利社會行為、盡本分行為.50
3. 研究目的與假設....................................52

II. 研究方法.........................................53
1. 研究對象..........................................54
2. 研究流程..........................................54
3. 研究工具..........................................54
4. 分析方法..........................................55
5. 控制變項..........................................56

III. 研究結果
1. 感恩、感恩對象、心理健康指標之相關分析............57
2. 感恩、感恩對象、利社會行為指標之相關分析..........58
3. 感恩、感恩對象與心理健康指標之「階層迴歸」分析....60
4. 感恩、感恩對象與利社會行為指標之「階層迴歸」分析..62
5. 研究目的、研究假設與結果對照......................64




第五章 綜合討論.......................................65
I. 測量感恩之工具探討.................................65
II. 感恩與心理健康指標之關連..........................66
III. 感恩與利社會行為指標之關連.......................68
IV. 研究貢獻..........................................70
V. 研究限制與未來展望.................................71

參考文獻.................................................72

附錄一：施測問卷.........................................82
附錄二：徵求GQ-6量表翻譯者使用同意信函...................92

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