臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為探討青春期發育時機對親子關係的影響，本研究以兒童及青少年行為之長期發展研究(簡稱CABLE)計畫已建立之資料庫中的部分變項，進行次級資料分析。本研究選取同一群研究樣本於國一(2004)及國二(2005)兩年皆有填答問卷者的資料做分析，共2080份。根據研究樣本自陳於國二時第二性徵的成熟度，將其歸入「早發育」、「發育中」或「晚發育」三組中的一組。親子關係則以「父母支持」、「親子衝突」和「親子互動」為指標。利用多變項分析，控制其他影響因素以釐清青春期發育時機對親子關係的影響。結果發現，背景因素中的「父母管教方式」為正向之鼔勵、關懷或協助時，學生自陳之父母支持及親子互動較高，親子衝突較少；反之，管教方式若為負向的心理控制時，學生自陳之父母支持及親子互動較低，親子衝突較高。在控制其他因素的影響之後，在男生而言，屬「發育中」及「早發育」者，其親子互動程度顯著低於「晚發育」者；在女生而言，「早發育」者的親子互動程度顯著低於「發育中」及「晚發育」者。至於親子關係的另兩項指標，即「父母支持」與「親子衝突」，皆未受到青春期發育時機的影響。根據研究結果，建議父母應多關心子女在青春期的生理變化，特別是和同年齡者比較時，屬於「早發育」的孩子，並且多與他們互動。同時，父母對青春期子女的管教應採正向的鼔勵、關懷及協助。

Impact of pubertal timing on parent-child relationships was examined in this analysis. The longitudinal data from the “Children and Adolescent Behaviors in Long-term Evolution project,” known as CABLE, was analyzed in this study. The total 2,080 students who were seventh and eighth grade sampled in 2004 and 2005 survey were included. Pubertal timing indicates whether an individual’s pubertal development occurs earlier than, at the same time as, or later than that of his or her same-gender, same-grade peers. The students were divided into three groups: “early-maturing,” “on-time,” or “late-maturing.” The parent-child relationship is considered including parental support, parent-child conflict, and parent-child interaction. Multiple regression analyses were performed to test whether the pubertal timing influences parent-child relationship.
The result shows that students have higher level of parental support, parent-child interaction, and less parent-child conflict if they were exposed to positive parenting style, such as encouragement, warmth, and assistance. On the contrary, students have lower level of parental support, parent-child interaction, and more parent-child conflict if their parenting style was psychological control. Adjusting for other influential factors, on-time and early-maturing boys have lower level of parent-child interaction than late-maturing boys; similarly, early-maturing girls have lower level of parent-child interaction than on-time and late-maturing girls. However, pubertal timing does not significantly impact on level of parental support or parent-child conflict. The results suggest that parents should pay more attention to their children, especially for the children whose pubertal development occurs earlier than that of his or her same-gender, same-age peers. Parent-child interaction should also be strengthened when their children were in puberty. Moreover, parents should adopt positive parenting style, such as encouragement, warmth, and assistance.

目錄
第一章　緒論1
第一節　研究動機1
第二節　研究目的2
第二章 文獻探討4
第一節　青春期對青少年的影響4
第二節　青少年時期的親子關係16
第三節　青春期對親子關係之影響24
第三章 研究方法27
第一節　研究架構27
第二節　研究樣本28
第三節　資料來源29
第四節　研究變項之定義與測量29
第五節　資料分析36
第四章　結果37
第一節　研究樣本的背景37
第二節　研究樣本於國中一、二年級時的親子關係39
第三節　與親子關係相關之背景因素41
第四節　研究樣本於國中二年級時青春期發育時機之分佈情形43
第五節　男性研究樣本之青春期發育時機對親子關係的影響48
第六節　女性研究樣本之青春期發育時機對親子關係的影響53
第五章 討論59
第一節 國中生青春期發育時機及親子關係59
第二節 背景因素對親子關係的影響61
第三節 青春期發育時機對親子關係的影響64
第四節　研究限制68
第六章　結論與建議 72
第一節　結論72
第二節　建議72
參考文獻77
附錄84
CABLE 2004年國一版兒童問卷85
CABLE 2005年國二版兒童問卷108

圖表目錄
圖2-1、Hormonal changes influence relationship, either directly or indirectly25
圖2-2、Physical changes directly influence relationships25
圖2-3、Pubertal changes, along with other processes, influence relationships26
圖3-1、研究架構27
圖4-1、研究樣本之青春期發育時機的分類45
表3-1、研究變項之操作型定義33
表3-2、研究變項之類型與計分方式34
表3-3、研究工具之信度分析結果35
表4-1、研究樣本背景因素之分佈38
表4-2、研究樣本親子關係依性別之比較39
表4-3、研究樣本親子關係依背景因素之比較43
表4-4、男性研究樣本之青春期發育的分佈46
表4-5、女性研究樣本之青春期發育的分佈47
表4-6、男性研究樣本於國一及國二時之親子關係依青春期發育時機之比較49
表4-7、青春期發育時機影響男性研究樣本親子關係之複迴歸模式52

表4-8、女性研究樣本於國一及國二時之親子關係依青春期發育時機之比較54
表4-9、青春期發育時機影響女性研究樣本親子關係之複迴歸模式57
表4-10、父母管教方式與親子關係的檢定結果58
表4-11、青春期發育時機在控制其他背景因素後對親子關係的影響58
表5-1、研究結果與文獻結果之比較64
表5-2、青春期發育時間影響男性研究樣本親子關係之複迴歸模式70
表5-3、青春期發育時間影響女性研究樣本親子關係之複迴歸模式71
表6-1、青春期發育時機影響男性研究樣本親子關係之複迴歸模式(未控制前一年親子關係)75
表6-2、青春期發育時機影響女性研究樣本親子關係之複迴歸模式(未控制前一年親子關係)76

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