臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　隨著科技的進步，用於醫學成像的技術也相繼提升。依特性與需求的不同，也有不同的成像方式可選擇。使用超音波的成像技術，會有成像較不清晰與成像結果取決操作者使用經驗的疑慮。若使用X光(X-rays)、電腦斷層(Computed Tomography, CT)與核磁共振成像(Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI)的技術，最大的問題是需要在有隔離的房間進行，且價格昂貴又攜帶不方便。新型態的微波成像系統是以網路分析儀(Vector Network Analyzer, VNA)做為檢測系統。但是一般可支援到X頻段 (X-band)的商業用VNA，價格也是非常昂貴。
　　因此本論文開發出一個低成本與攜帶方便且適用於X-band的微波成像系統。透過所設計的微波成像系統來取代價格昂貴的VNA。微波成像系統的設計方式是以超外差的形式來建構。系統所需要的X-band (9200MHz)頻率，是由內部壓控振盪器(Voltage Controlled Oscillator, VCO)振盪出 6900MHz的頻率訊號，經由混頻器升頻後產生。透過量測平台將待測物(subject under test, SUT)的量測結果傳送到接收機降頻到2300 MHz後，再由檢波器將增益與相位的值轉換成直流訊號。最後經DAQ轉換成數位訊號後，傳送到LabVIEW軟體進行運算與成像。
　　我們使用硬幣、雞翅與豬肋排進行成像實驗以驗證我們系統的性能。從實驗結果可以發現，硬幣的增益與相位的變化量分別為 -5.22 ~ 2.37 dB與 -78.51 ~ 22.93 度。雞翅的增益與相位的變化量分別為 -14.81 ~ -0.03 dB與 -155.09 ~ 36.82度。豬肋排的增益與相位的變化量分別為 -23.08 ~ -1.06 dB 與 -169.18 ~ 175.75 度。而且所設計的微波成像系統也可以成像出硬幣、雞翅與豬肋排的形狀。

With the technological advancement, there is also great leap in the development of medical imaging techniques. There are many different options of medical imaging for different purposes and needs. The imaging technology based on ultrasound will have the issues of unclear image and the dependence on the experience of the operator. For using X-ray, Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the biggest issue is to conduct the scan in a separate room, not to mention they are expensive and the least portable. The new microwave image sensing system uses vector network analyzer (VNA) for scan. Although the general commercial VNA with support of X-band is available, it is also extremely expensive.
As a result, the objective of this study was to develop a low-cost and portable microwave image sensing system. The designed microwave image sensing system should hopefully replace the expensive VNAs. The microwave image sensing system was designed in super-heterodyne form. The required X-band (9200MHz) of the system was produced by up-converting the mixed signal after the internal Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) produced the 6900MHz signal. The measurement result of subject under test (SUT) was transmitted to the receiver via the platform and down-converted to 2300 MHz, before the values of gain and phase were converted into DC signals by the detector. Lastly, it was converted to a digital signal by DAQ and transmitted to LabVIEW for software computation and imaging.
Coins, chicken wings and pork ribs are used to verify the system performance of scanning and imaging. The experiment result showed the changes in the gain and the phase of metal coins were -5.22 to 2.37 dB and -78.51 to 22.93 degrees, respectively. The experiment result showed the changes in the gain and the phase of chicken wings were -14.81 to -0.03 dB and -155.09 to 36.82 degrees, respectively. The experiment result showed the changes in the gain and the phase of pork ribs were -23.08 to -1.06 dB and -169.18 to 175.75 degrees, respectively. Furthermore, the microwave image sensing system can successfully distinguish the shapes of metal coins, chicken wings and pork ribs.

摘要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
Table of Contents vii
List of Figure x
List of Table xvi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1-1 Motivation 4
1-2 Overview of Dissertation 6
Chapter 2 Microwave Image Sensing System 8
2-1 System Architecture 8
2-2 Frequency Synthesizer 12
2-2-1 Theory of Frequency Synthesizer 12
2-2-1-1 Linear Analysis of Integral-N Frequency Synthesizer 14
2-2-1-2 Noise Analysis of Integral-N Frequency Synthesizer 17
2-2-1-3 Loop Filter 19
2-2-2 Design of Frequency Synthesizer 21
2-2-3 Experimental Result of Frequency Synthesizer 25
2-3 Power Amplifier 33
2-3-1 Implementation of Power Amplifier 34
2-3-2 Experimental Result of Power Amplifier 36
2-4 Mixer 41
2-4-1 Implementation of Mixer 42
2-4-2 Experimental Result of Mixer 42
2-5 Filter 44
2-5-1 Implementation of Filter 45
2-5-2 Experimental Result of Filter 46
2-6 RF Splitter and RF Switch 51
2-6-1 Implementation of RF Splitter and RF Switch 51
2-6-2 Experimental Result of RF Splitter and RF Switch 54
2-7 Detector of Power and Phase 59
2-7-1 Implementation of Detector of Power and Phase 59
2-7-2 Experimental Result of Detector of Power and Phase 60
2-8 System Integration of Microwave Image Sensing System 63
2-8-1 Link Budget of System 63
2-8-2 Integration and Experimental Result of Microwave Image Sensing System 67
2-8-2-1 Design of Microwave Image Sensing System 67
2-8-2-2 Experimental Result of Link Budget for Microwave Image Sensing System 68
2-8-2-3 Experimental Result of Transmitter for Microwave Image Sensing System 70
2-8-2-4 Experimental Result of Receiver for Microwave Image Sensing System 73
2-8-2-5 Experimental Result of Microwave Image Sensing System 76
2-8-3 The Portable Measurement System of Microwave Image Sensing System 81
Chapter 3 Experimental Result of Biological Tissue 82
3-1 Architecture of the Measurement System 82
3-2 Experimental Result of Coin 86
3-3 Experimental Result of Chicken Wing 91
3-4 Experimental Result of Pork Ribs 97
Chapter 4 Conclusion 102
Reference 104
Appendix A 27 MHz High Efficiency Variable Gain Amplifier for Shortwave Diathermy 110

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