臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本實驗室先前已建立草蝦之最適膽鹼需求為6,200 mg/kg diet，然而膽鹼在代謝的過程中會受到其它營養素的影響，因此，本論文即探討飼料中磷脂膽鹼與甜菜鹼對草蝦稚蝦膽鹼需求量之影響。在含1.25%磷脂膽鹼之草蝦基礎飼料中分別添加不同膽鹼劑量 (0、100、200、500、1,000、2,000、4,000、6,000 mg/kg diet)共八組實驗組，每組三重複，餵食平均初重為0.17±0.01克之草蝦稚蝦八週後，在蝦體增重率、飼料效率、蛋白質效率及蝦體膽鹼蓄積量方面皆以未添加膽鹼組最差，顯著 (p＜0.05)低於膽鹼添加量為200 mg/kg diet組；草蝦肝體比及肝胰臟總脂質與三酸甘油酯含量以未添加膽鹼組顯著高於膽鹼添加量200 mg/kg diet組。將蝦體增重率、飼料效率及蝦體膽鹼蓄積量經迴歸分析求得草蝦在適量磷脂膽鹼添加下對膽鹼最適需求量為171~176 mg/kg diet，顯示草蝦飼料中添加適量的磷脂膽鹼並無法完全取代草蝦稚蝦對膽鹼之需求，但可節約其需求量 (研究一)。研究二則將草蝦飼料中甜菜鹼含量調整為1,500 mg/kg diet，並分別添加膽鹼0、150、300、500、1,000、2,000、3,000、6,000 mg/kg diet共八組不同劑量之實驗組，每組三重複，在相同的飼育條件下餵養草蝦八週。結果顯示，蝦體增重率以膽鹼添加量為300、600、2,000及6,000 mg/kg diet組顯著較未添加膽鹼組為高；飼料效率及蛋白質效率以未添加膽鹼組顯著低於膽鹼添加量為600 mg/kg diet組；蝦體膽鹼蓄積量以未添加膽鹼最低，顯著低於膽鹼添加量為600、3,000及6,000 mg/kg diet組。以蝦體增重率、飼料效率及蝦體膽鹼蓄積量估得初重為0.37±0.01克草蝦其膽鹼之最適需求量為357~381 mg/kg diet。綜合以上結果顯示飼料中添加高量甜菜鹼可部份節約草蝦之膽鹼需求。

Dietary choline requirement for grass prawn, Penaeus monodon, has been quantified previously as 6,200 mg/kg diet in our lab. Since several nutrients such as phosphatidylcholine and betaine are involved in choline metabolism, thus the objective of this study was further to elucidate the effects of phosphatidylcholine and betaine on the choline requirements of juvenile P. monodon. Basal diet containing 1.25% phosphatidylcholine supplemented with eight levels (0, 100, 200, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 6,000 mg/kg diet) of choline were each fed to triplicate groups of P. monodon (mean body weight 0.17±0.01 g) for 8 weeks. Results indicated that shrimp fed the choline unsupplemented control diet and 100 mg choline/kg diet had significantly (p＜0.05) lower weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body choline concentration than shrimp fed 200 mg choline/kg diet. Hepatosomatic index, total hepatopancreatic lipid and triglyceride concentrations were higher in shrimp fed the control diet than shrimp fed diet with 200 mg choline/kg. Analysis of WG, FE and body choline concentration of the shrimp by broken line regression indicated that the optimal dietary choline requirement for P. monodon is 171~176 mg /kg diet suggesting that dietary phosphatidylcholine (1.25%) could spare the requirement of choline in P. monodon (Experiment I). In Experiment II, basal diet containing 1,500 mg betaine/kg diet supplemented with eight levels (0, 150, 300, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 6,000 mg/kg diet) of choline were each fed to triplicate groups of P. monodon (0.37±0.01 g) for 8 weeks. Results indicated that shrimp fed diets supplemented with 300, 600, 2,000 and 6,000 mg choline/kg diet had higher WG than shrimp fed the choline unsupplemented control diet. FE and PER were lower in shrimp fed the control diet than shrimp fed 600 mg choline/kg diet. Lower body choline concentration was observed in shrimp fed the control diet than shrimp fed diets with 600, 3,000 and 6,000 mg choline/kg. Analysis by broken line regression of WG, FE and body choline concentration indicated that the choline requirement for P. monodon is 357~381 mg/kg diet. These data suggest that high betaine content in the diet could spare choline requirements in P. monodon.

總摘要 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ I
文獻整理 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 1
研究一：飼料中適量磷脂膽鹼對草蝦稚蝦膽鹼需求之影響
摘要 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 21
前言 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 22
材料與方法 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 24
結果 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 40
討論 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 52
研究二：飼料中適量甜菜鹼對草蝦稚蝦膽鹼需求之影響
摘要 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 57
前言 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 58
材料與方法 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 60
結果 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 75
討論 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 87
總結論 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 91
參考文獻 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 92

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