臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著世界人口不斷增加，對於能源需求持續擴大，根據聯合國估計，世界人口在2100年將達到112億人，預計在2023年前將達到80億人，世界各國目前對於化石能源依賴程度相當高，然而生產化石能源所產生的二氧化碳排放，造成的環境污染以及全球暖化問題日益嚴重，受到環保團體高度重視，因此，世界各國均投入發展再生能源，提升綠色能源供給，同時減少對化石能源的依賴，以及二氧化碳的排放量。臺灣2020年再生能源比例僅佔5.4%，距離行政院所發布2025非核家園新能源政策之目標，再生能源比例達20%，尚有很大的進步空間，沼氣被視為碳中立(carbon neutrality)能源，其可以有效緩解全球生質廢棄物不易處理、溫室氣體中含量高的甲烷，以及過度依賴化石燃料等環境問題，且根據國際能源署(IEA)公布生質能源發展趨勢得知，生質能發展，有逐年提升的趨勢，而我國目前生質能發電僅佔總體發電0.06%。養豬業糞尿廢水始終是不易解決的問題，若能使用豬糞尿作為生質能原料，不僅可提升我國生質能發展，同時降低豬糞尿廢水偷排入溪流，造成水污染等問題。
本研究以集中式沼氣發電廠與純化升級後之生物甲烷，評估在臺灣發展的可行性，針對臺灣養豬業之生質沼氣發電，為主要研究對象，使用行政院主計處公布之105年國產品價格交易表，分別加入集中式沼氣廠及生物甲烷廠部門，利用投入產出法之需求面及供給面模型，評估對各產業部門之總體經濟影響，包含產值、GDP、就業人數、勞動報酬變動效果，以及產業關聯效果分析，最後加以衡量二氧化碳減排效益，協助我國在投入生質能產業能夠準確地訂定相關政策，用以幫助我國再生能源發展，以及解決養豬業糞尿廢水問題，作為研究貢獻。
結果顯示，集中式沼氣廠從投資建置到目標發展，產值提升效果從610.4052到12,535.8034百萬元；乘數效果從2.67到3.41倍;就業人數提升從630到8,365人；勞動報酬提升從600.7806到7,836.8555百萬元；GDP提升效果從193.6974到5,255.3380百萬元，產業關聯程度從2.7699到6.0963，為易帶動其他產業發展，且易受其他產業發展而帶動之產業，若發展到目標情境可減少CO2排放量130萬公噸，減排效益為2,196.3333百萬元，社會總效益產值面向為22,568.9922百萬元；GDP面向為15,288.5268百萬元，以上均具有顯著提升效果，由此可知集中式沼氣廠非常適合我國投資發展。另外，以投資金額來說，生物甲烷廠投資金額比集中式沼氣廠高達3.22倍，不過能夠創造3.62倍的產值、就業人數提升5.77倍、勞動報酬提升5.87倍、GDP提升效果為2.99倍，各方面來說除了投資金額較高之外，其餘結果皆優越於集中式沼氣廠，綜合所述，不論發展集中式沼氣廠或生物甲烷廠，對我國整體經濟效益，均具有正面顯著的提升，由此可知，生質能非常適合臺灣發展。

The world’s population is increasing and the demand for energy is either. According to United Nations estimates, the world’s population will increase to 11.2 billion in 2100, and it is expected to be 8 billion in 2023. Countries in the world currently rely on fossil energy to a high degree. However, the carbon dioxide emissions produced by the production of fossil energy, environmental pollution and global warming are becoming increasingly serious, and are highly valued by environmental protection groups. Therefore, countries all over the world are investing in the development of renewable energy, increasing the supply of green energy, while reducing dependence on fossil energy and carbon dioxide emissions. Renewable energy ratio was only account for 5.4% in 2020 in Taiwan, that is away from renewable energy ratio 20% what Executive Yuan was published New energy policy that the goal of Non-nuclear homes in 2025, must to be improve. Biogas is regarded as a carbon-neutral energy source, which can effectively alleviate environmental problems such as the difficult disposal of global biomass waste, the high content of methane in greenhouse gases, and the excessive dependence on fossil fuels. And according to the development trend of bio-energy announced by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the development of bio-energy has a trend of increasing year by year. However, our country's current bio-energy power generation accounts for only 0.06% of the total power generation. Wastewater from swine waste is always difficult to solve, if swine waste can be used as material for bio-energy, it can not only improve the development of bio-energy in our country, but also reduce the water pollution and other issues which came from sneaking of drain wastewater into streams from swine waste.
This study uses the centralized biogas electricity generation plant and biomethane by way of purified & upgraded to evaluate the feasibility of development in Taiwan. Regarding the biogas electricity generation in Taiwan’s swine industry, use the I-O table from Executive Yuan’s Comptroller and Accounting Office in the 105th year of the "Republic Era", and add the centralized biogas plant and bio-natural gas plant departments respectively, and use the demand-side and supply-side models of the input-output method to evaluate the overall economic impact on each industry sector. Including output value, GDP, number of employees, labor remuneration changes, and industry-related effects analysis, and finally to measure the benefits of carbon dioxide emissions reduction, to help our country to accurately formulate relevant policies in the bio-energy industry. It is used as a research contribution to help the development of renewable energy in our country and a solution of wastewater from swine waste.
The results showed that the centralized biogas plant went from investment to target, the output value increased from 60.4052 to 12,535.8034 million; the multiplier effect was increased from 2.67 to 3.41 times; the number of employees increased from 630 to 8,365; labor compensation increased from 600.7806 to 7,836.8555 million; GDP increased from 193.6974 to 5,255.3380 million; the degree of industrial relevance ranges from 2.7699 to 6.0963. For industries that are easy to drive the development of other industries and are easily driven by the development of other industries, if developed to the target, CO2 emissions can be reduced by 1.3 million metric tons. The emission reduction benefit is 2,196.3333 million, and the total output value of social benefits is 22,568.9922 million; the GDP is 15,288.5268 million. All of the above have a significant improvement effect, which shows that the centralized biogas plant is very suitable for my country's investment and development. In addition, in terms of investment amount, the investment amount of bio-natural gas plant is as high as 3.22 times that of the central biogas plant, but it can create 3.62 times of output value, increase employment by 5.77 times, increase labor compensation by 5.87 times, and increase GDP by 2.99 times. On the other hand, except for the higher investment amount, the other results are superior than the centralized biogas plant. In summary, regardless of the development of a centralized biogas plant or a bio-natural gas plant, it will have a positive and significant improvement in the overall economic benefits of our country. It can be seen that bio-energy is very suitable for development in Taiwan.

謝辭 I
中文摘要 III
英文摘要 IV
目錄 VI
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與背景 1
第二節 研究目的 12
第三節 研究架構 13
第二章 文獻回顧 14
第一節 再生能源與沼氣、生物甲烷之相關文獻 14
第二節 投入產出法相關文獻 18
第三節 本章小結 21
第三章 研究方法 22
第一節 投入產出模型架構 22
第二節 需求面投入產出模型 25
第三節 供給面投入產出模型 27
第四節 產業關聯效果 29
第五節 雙比例調整法 31
第六節 本章小結 31
第四章 資料處理與情境設計 32
第一節 建置成本資料處理 32
第二節 投入產出表之資料處理 33
第三節 情境設計 45
第五章 實證結果分析 48
第一節 投資建置集中式沼氣廠對產業需求面衝擊影響 48
第二節 集中式沼氣廠營運對產業供給面衝擊影響 54
第三節 集中式沼氣廠目標對產業供給面衝擊影響 60
第四節 投資建置生物甲烷廠對產業需求面衝擊影響 66
第五節 生物甲烷廠營運對產業供給面衝擊影響 73
第六節 集中式沼氣廠與生物甲烷廠產業衝擊影響比較 80
第七節 發展集中式沼氣廠與生物甲烷廠之二氧化碳外部效益 83
第八節 發展集中式沼氣廠與生物甲烷廠之社會總效益 84
第九節 本章小結 85
第六章 結論與建議 87
第一節 結論 87
第二節 政策與建議 90
第三節 研究限制 91
參考文獻 92
附錄 96
附錄一 96
附錄二 99
附錄三 102
附錄四 105
附錄五 108
附錄六 111
附錄七 114
附錄八 117
附錄九 120
附錄十 123

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