臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來性別辨識是許多專家學者研究的熱門議題，如果可以讓電腦辨識出人類的性別，那麼不論是人機介面的應用或是在安全方面的應用都可以有大幅度的進步。
本論文使用嵌入式隱藏式馬可夫模型(Embedded Hidden Markov Model, EHMM)來進行性別辨識，在訓練階段，我們將經由前處理後的連續的全身影像進行重新組合，得到組合影像，接著我們利用組合影像針對11個不同的角度，每個角度訓練兩個EHMM，因此共有22個EHMM，最後將組合影像輸入到22個EHMM中進行辨識，在測試的階段，我們將所得的未知組合影像與所有的已訓練的EHMM比較其相似程度(Likelihood)後，擁有最高相似程度的性別就選為我們的辨識結果。
在實驗與討論中，本論文使用CASIA Gait Database (Dataset B)以及Taiwanese Gait database (TWG)進行實驗，由實驗結果可發現，本論文所提出的方法確實可以得到較好的辨識結果。

Gender recognition is a hot research topic in recent years. Human-machine interfaces or video surveillance can be greatly improved if human gender can be recognized automatically.
In this study, an embedded hidden Markov model is used for gender recognition. Video, which is recorded in different angles of view, is utilized to sample properties of each gender. Ten consecutive gait frames are segmented and organized as a composite image, which is used to establish EHMM. For video in each angle of view, two EHMMs are built and trained. The gender of the subject of a testing composite image is decided by the EHMM whose likelihood is most similar to the testing EHMM.
We test the proposed approach using the CASIA Gait Database (Dataset B) and Taiwanese Gait database (TWG) in this study. Experimental results show that the proposed system can identify the gender of human accurately.

摘要.................................................................................................................................. i
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... ii
誌謝................................................................................................................................ iii
目錄................................................................................................................................ iv
表目錄............................................................................................................................. vi
圖目錄............................................................................................................................ vii
第 1 章 緒論.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 研究動機................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 相關文獻................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 研究方法................................................................................................................ 5
1.4 論文組織與架構.................................................................................................... 6
第 2 章 相關理論.......................................................................................................... 7
2.1 色彩空間(COLOR SPACE)....................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 RGB 色彩空間(RGB Color Space) ................................................................ 7
2.1.2 YCbCr 色彩空間(YCbCr Color Space).......................................................... 9
2.1.3 YIQ 色彩空間(YIQ Color Space)................................................................. 10
2.1.4 HSI 色彩空間(HSI Color Space)...................................................................11
2.2 背景相減技術(BACKGROUND SUBSTRACTION TECHNIQUES).............................. 13
2.3 遮罩式標籤法(LABELIG)..................................................................................... 13
2.4 嵌入式隱藏式馬可夫模型(EMBEDDED HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL, EHMM)..... 16
2.4.1 隱藏式馬可夫模型...................................................................................... 16
2.4.2 嵌入式隱藏式馬可夫模型.......................................................................... 18
2.5 離散餘弦轉換(DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM, DCT)........................................ 20
第 3 章 研究方法與實作............................................................................................ 23
3.1 架構流程.............................................................................................................. 23
3.2 前處理.................................................................................................................. 24
3.2.1 YCbCr 色彩空間轉換................................................................................... 24
3.2.2 背景相減技術.............................................................................................. 25
3.2.3 遮罩式標籤法.............................................................................................. 26
v
3.2.4 等比例縮放.................................................................................................. 28
3.3 組合影像.............................................................................................................. 31
3.4 EHMM.................................................................................................................. 33
3.4.1 擷取觀測向量.............................................................................................. 34
3.4.2 訓練EHMM................................................................................................. 35
3.4.3 利用EHMM 辨識性別................................................................................ 39
第 4 章 實驗結果與討論............................................................................................ 41
4.1 實驗環境與設計.................................................................................................. 41
4.2 參數實驗.............................................................................................................. 48
4.3 觀測向量取得方式比較...................................................................................... 52
4.4 影像張數對於辨識率的影響.............................................................................. 54
4.5 全身影像的大小對於辨識率的影響.................................................................. 56
4.6 各個角度與各種不同行走方式的辨識率.......................................................... 59
4.7 與其他方法之比較.............................................................................................. 61
第 5 章 結論................................................................................................................ 63
參考文獻........................................................................................................................ 65

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