臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

自1980年代起，生產國際化帶動多國籍企業在研發活動之國際化。多國籍企業在海外研發投資可促使子公司與當地的生產網絡連結，其子公司並可能更進一步的與當地的原物料製造商、消費者、研發機構有知識上的交流。然而，在多國籍公司海外研發投資動機方面，先前研究多著重於探討多國籍企業使用地主國當地資源或享受知識外溢效果為主，而較少討論知識連結亦會驅使多國籍企業從事海外研發投資。多國籍海外之研發活動佈局已由傳統的單項技術移轉模式（由母公司直接技術移轉至子公司）轉向為雙向的技術交流模式（母公司與子公司之間的技術交流）。

本研究主要以多國籍企業子公司與地主國知識連結為探討主軸，並討論其對多國籍企業研發投資之影響；此有助於對海外研發投資之全球化有更完整的了解。

本研究使用經濟部投資審議委員會資料庫，輔以使用Petal &; Vega (1999)提出之海外子公司研發策略分析架構以及採用數量方法，分析與驗證在台多國籍企業之技術來源與其研發投資之影響。研究將海外投資子公司之跨國技術連結區分為地主國技術連結（技術主要由地主國廠商或是地主國研發機構）與母國技術連結（技術主要由母公司或是母國之研發機構提供）區分子公司台灣之研發策略。研究結果顯示，外商子公司在台灣之海外研發投資與當地之生產活動有正向相關，顯示地主國之原物料供應能力有助於提升在台外商的研發投資意願。此外，當外商子公司擁有在越深厚的地主國技術連結，則子公司會深化在台灣之研發投資。

With the advent of globalization of production, multinationals have more international R&;D investments, especially since 1990s. The motivations of MNCs’ international R&;D investment can be attributed to various purposes, such as facilitating the local processing of products, connecting a regional production network, or adjusting the product to serve the local markets. R&;D investment abroad by MNCs stimulate foreign subsidiaries to link to local production networks and further build up their own local linkages with local material suppliers, customers, and even with research institutions in the host country. The technologies adopted by MNC foreign subsidiaries may be transferred from their parent companies, and they may also incorporate local innovation network organized by local firms. In terms of MNC, those linkages do influence on the innovation of subsidiaries and MNCs.
In explaining MNCs’ overseas R&;D investment, prior research has focused mostly on local technological-related factor endowments or the knowledge spillovers in driving MNCs’ R&;D investment. The literature rarely discusses the effects of knowledge linkages in driving MNCs’ overseas R&;D investments. This has resulted in a significant gap in theory development regarding the globalization of R&;D, and the study tends to discuss the knowledge linkages and their impact on foreign R&;D investment.

Drawing on the databank of the Investment Commission, Ministry of Economic Affairs (MOEA), the study emphasizes the important effect of technology linkages in subsidiaries. We explore various foreign subsidiaries’ innovation strategies in terms of their cross-border technology linkages to see the technological knowledge source of foreign subsidiaries. The different overseas R&;D strategies adopted by MNCs’ also vary across industry sectors. From the Tobit model, the empirical examination suggests that the technology linkage effects of the corporate context have been identified influential to the subsidiary foreign R&;D investments. Meanwhile, utilization of local supply chain would also further increase the foreign subsidiaries have more connection with local research capabilities. The subsidiary has both localized production system and technology linkages to host country firms and research institution would a positive impact on R&;D investment.

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 DETERMINANTS OF MNCS’ R&;D OVERSEA INVESTMENTS 6
2.1.1 Global and host markets orientation 6
2.1.2 Factor endowment in the host country 7
2.1.3 Technological capabilities, spillover, and technology linkage 8
2.2 TECHNOLOGICAL LINKAGE OF MNCS 11
CHAPTER 3 CROSS-BORDER TECHNOLOGY LINKAGES OF FOREIGN SUBSIDIARIES IN TAIWAN 15
3.1 DATA SOURCE AND ESTIMATION OF HOME AND HOST COUNTRY LINKAGE 16
3.2 THE BASIC INFORMATION ON HOME AND HOST COUNTRY TECHNOLOGY LINKAGES 21
3.3 FOREIGN SUBSIDIARIES’ TECHNOLOGY LINKAGES AND OVERSEAS STRATEGIES 24
3.3.1 Overseas R&;D strategies by foreign subsidiaries for the service and manufacturing sectors 24
3.3.2 Overseas innovation strategies of foreign manufacturing subsidiaries 27
3.3.3 Overseas R&;D strategies by foreign subsidiaries’ nationalities 30
3.4 CONCLUSION 33
CHAPTER 4 DETERMINANTS OF MNCS’ R&;D INVESTMENT IN TAIWAN 34
4.1 TECHNOLOGY LINKAGES AND EMPIRICAL MODEL SETTING 34
4.2. DATA 40
4.3 EMPIRICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 42
4.4 CONCLUSION 45
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION 46
REFERENCES 53
APPENDIX 58