臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

鳴門奧螻蛄蝦Austinogebia narutensis 澎湖俗稱「蝦猴、猴仔」，主要被用做於釣餌，與以食用為主的美食奧螻蛄蝦有所不同。本研究探討其生物學特性，以期提供資源評估及生態保育等之具體資訊。
結果顯示，最大雌、雄蝦頭胸甲長為19.49mm、21.07mm，體長為66.38mm、67.61mm，其中雄蝦有大、小鉗之性雙型現象。經比較分析，雌蝦、大鉗、小鉗雄蝦三者的頭胸甲長對體長及第一步足掌節寬均為直線迴歸關係，而頭胸甲長對體重及第一步足重均呈曲線迴歸分關係，唯小鉗雄蝦各形質相關係數較低。此外，雌蝦最小性成熟體型之頭胸甲長為12.61mm、體長為40.07mm，卵巢在繁殖季前達最高峰，繁殖季開始時（11月）逐漸下降，繁殖季結束（4月）後則又上升。
螻蛄蝦洞穴在離岸15m處開始發現，到離岸約250m處達洞口密度分佈高峰，螻蛄蝦密度為232尾/m2。洞穴為Y型，主要結構包含U型部（U-part）及shaft部（S-part），而次要結構則有迴轉室（turning chamber）及側支（side branch）。洞穴在夏季較深，開口間距亦較近。
在水溫24~25℃、鹽度34~35‰的條件下，雌蝦初產下的卵呈橘黃色不透明，略呈圓形，卵徑為0.55mm×0.54mm，卵重為0.09mg，在抱卵後第4~5天出現眼點，卵色為灰綠色，呈橢圓型，卵徑增大為0.61mm×0.58mm，卵重為0.15mg，在第13天將近孵化時之色卵色為半透明，卵徑為0.72mm×0.62mm，卵重為0.24mg。孵化後幼苗經過4期蚤狀幼體（Zoea）變態後，在第13天變態為底棲性的後期幼苗（Decapodid）。
本種蝦整年都有卵巢發育，推測應屬於多次抱卵種類，經分析年齡至少為2年。另外，底質平均粒徑大小在0.5 - 0.125mm的中等粗砂至細砂之底質環境是洞穴密度最高的區域。

The Austinogebia narutensis, also named “He-Gao” or “Gao-A”, is mainly used for fishing bait in Penghu. It is different from A. edulis that mainly used for food of human beings. This thesis focuses on the biology and habitat researches of A. narutensis that can be applied for future management of resources and conservation.
The results showed that maximal Cl (Carapace length) were 19.49 and 21.07 mm, and Bl (Body length) were 66.38 and, 67.61 mm for the female and male of A. narutensis , respectively. The male showed sexual dimorphorismdue to have either big chela or small chela in adult individuals. The Cl was highly linearly correlated to both Bl and PwPI (Propodus width of Pereiopod I) in the female, and also the male with big and small chela. The Cl showed curvilinearly related to the Bw (Body weight) and PIw (Pereiopod I weight). In addition, the minimal Cl and Bl of sexual maturity were estimated to be 12.61 mm and 40.07 mm for females, respectively. The OI (Ovarian index) decreased at the beginning of breeding season on November, and increased after the end of breeding season on April in the next year.
The caves of A. narutensis located from 15-250 m off the coast, and the highest density (232 ind/m2) was found at the latter location. The cave was Y-shape containing major structures of both U (U-part) and shaft (S-part), and also the secondary structures of turning chamber (tc) and side branch (br). The caves were deeper in summer, but shallower in winter. The distances of the cave openings were lower in summer and higher in winter.
The egg sizes, wight and colors of the freshly spawned, eyed and pre-hatched eggs were 0.55×0.54 mm, 0.09 mg in orange, 0.61×0.58 mm, 0.15 mg in greyish green, and 0.72×0.62 mm, 0.24 mg in translucent, respectively. Under the conditions of water temperature, The hatched larva had four zoeal stages and metamorphosed into the decapodid at the 13th day reared in 24-25℃ and 34-35‰ salinity.
The A. narutensis should belong to multi-spawning pattern since the ovary developed during the sampling period. The life duration were two years at last. Moreover, the analysis of sediment in the habitat with the highest density suggests that the favorite particle size for A. narutensis were medium sand to fine sand.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
謝誌 iv
目錄 vi
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 x
圖版目錄 xii
一、前言 1
二、材料與方法 6
2.1形態特徵 6
2.2標本來源 6
2.3標本處理 6
2.3.1外部形態形質計量測定 7
2.3.2重量計測 7
2.3.3抱卵數及卵徑 8
2.3.4最小性成熟體 8
2.3.5計算公式 8
2.4蝦苗處理 9
2.4.1外部形態形質計量測定 9
2.4.2特徵描述 9
2.5生態習性 10
2.5.1環境因子 10
2.5.2密度分佈 10
2.5.3洞穴形態 10
2.5.4底質特性及粒徑分析 11
2.6資料之處理 13
三、結果 14
3.1形態形質關係 14
3.1.1頭胸甲長與體長之關係 14
3.1.2頭胸甲長與體重之關係 14
3.1.3頭胸甲長與第一步足掌節寬之關係 15
3.1.4頭胸甲長與第一步足重之關係 15
3.1.5第一步足掌節寬與第一步足重之關係 16
3.2生殖生物學 16
3.2.1抱卵週期 16
3.2.2抱卵數及卵徑 16
3.2.3成熟度 17
3.2.4繁殖 17
3.3族群特性 18
3.3.1性比 18
3.3.2最小性成熟體 18
3.3.3頭胸甲長組成 18
3.4生態習性 18
3.4.1環境因子 18
3.4.2密度分佈 19
3.4.3洞穴形態 19
3.4.4行為觀察 20
3.4.5底質特性及粒徑分析 20
3.5幼苗變態及形態之特徵 21
四、討論 25
4.1形態形質之探討 25
4.1.1性雙型 25
4.2生殖生物學之探討 26
4.2.1抱卵週期 26
4.2.2抱卵數及卵徑 26
4.2.3繁殖 27
4.3族群特性之探討 28
4.3.1壽命 28
4.3.2性比變動 29
4.3.3最小性成熟體型 30
4.4生態習性之探討 31
4.4.1環境因子 31
4.4.2密度分佈 32
4.4.3洞穴形態 33
4.4.4行為觀察 35
4.4.5底質特性及粒徑分析 35
4.5幼苗變態及形態之探討 37
4.6資源保育上的建議 38
五、參考文獻 40
表 50
圖 52
圖版

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