臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討台灣南部溪南山中海拔森林(海拔1600 m)非繁殖季鳥類的混群結構及覓食生態。於2008年11月至2009年3月的調查期間，共記錄19種參與混群鳥類，混群組成平均2.7種17.9隻，且混群的個體數並未隨物種數增加而顯著增加。所有參與混群的鳥種中，包括食蟲性、雜食性及植食性鳥類，但植食性鳥類不與食蟲性鳥類混群，且混群中沒有發現專門在地面覓食的鳥類及冬候鳥。棕面鶯、繡眼畫眉、冠羽畫眉及紅頭山雀為混群的主要核心物種。混群的組成並非隨機形成，而是有選擇性的。依據鳥種間出現頻率以階層群集分析結果顯示，可將混群鳥種分為三群，第一群由12種鳥類組成，主要為樹層食蟲性鳥類，其中有6種普遍參與混群；第二群由紅山椒及小卷尾組成，為空中食蟲性鳥類；第三群由5種鳥類組成，均以食果為主。大部分混群鳥種都以覓啄方式覓食，且相似的體型與食性可能也同時影響混群組成。混群鳥種覓食位置偏向樹林中上層及中外側枝葉茂密處。大部分鳥種的覓食高度、覓食位置及覓食方式，參與混群與否並無顯著差異。第一群的6種普遍出現於混群的鳥種，其覓食高度、覓食位置及覓食方式有很高的重疊度。由於任一混群的成員多屬同一覓食同功群，顯示混群原因主要在於增加覓食效率，而非降低被掠食風險；惟形成混群的詳細機制仍待未來進一步的研究。

I studied the structure and foraging ecology of mixed-bird-species flocks (MSFs) during a non-breeding season in a mid-elevation forest (approximately 1600 m a.s.l.) in Mt. Hisnanshan, southern Taiwan, from November 2008 to March 2009. I recorded 19 species participating in the MSFs. An MSF averaged 2.7 species and 17.9 individuals, and was constructed from particular species. There were no significantly relations between the number of species and individuals in an MSF. Rufous-faced Warbler Abroscopus albogularis, Grey-cheeked Fulvetta Alcippe morrisonia, Taiwan Yuhina Yuhina brunneiceps and Black-throated Tit Aegithalos concinnus were the nuclear species in the MSFs. According to the species composition of an MSF, birds can be classified into 3 categories: tree insectivores, aerial insectivores, and frugivores, and closely related to body mass and diet of the birds. Birds in an MSF tended to forage above bush layer and tree edges. The foraging height, location, and methods of a bird were roughly same, regardless of whether the bird was in an MSF or not. Moreover, the foraging niches of the tree insectivores mostly overlapped each other. Because the members of an MSF frequently belonged to unique foraging guild, it denote that birds participate in an MSF were due to improved feeding efficiency rather than reduced risk of predation. However, the details of the formation mechanisms of MSFs need to be studied in the future.

摘 要 i
Abstract ii
致 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
表目錄 v
圖目錄 vi
一、前 言 1
二、研究樣區與方法 3
（一）研究樣區 3
（二）混群行為 3
（三）覓食行為 3
（四）統計分析 4
三、結 果 6
（一）混群組成 6
（二）生態區位關係 8
四、討 論 10
（一）混群組成與動態 10
（二）混群鳥種間的生態區位關係 13
（三）覓食效率及降低被掠食風險 14
五、引用文獻 16
附錄 31

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