臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

SWOT分析是1960年中期在美國開發的著名戰略管理（SM）工具之一。根據文獻，這種技術現在越來越受到財務關注。一些研究通過結合質量因子/技術突出了SWOT分析的好處。特別是，日本的SM，被稱為Hoshin Kanri，表明質量是公司長期發展的關鍵因素。然後，本研究旨在調查當質量因素/技術涉及業務流程時，SWOT分析作為一種SM工具如何影響業務成果。
由Dahlgaard教授提出的4P模型用作本研究中質量因素調查的概念模型。 4P模型以“領導力”作為4P的基礎來表示“人員”，“夥伴關係”，“流程”和“產品”。該模型建議對人力資源及其在組織環境中的角色的意識，作為任何組織改進活動的基本單位。該研究框架採用了歐洲基金會質量管理（EFQM）卓越業務模型，該模型包括兩個部分：“推動者”和“業務成果”。它從啟動器開始，其中使用SWOT分析作為SM工具和帶有領導力的4P來代表其餘的啟動器。業務結果分為兩類：質量結果和關鍵績效結果。從Malcolm Baldrige國家質量獎（MBNQA）獲獎者的數據庫中選擇了12個用SWOT作為戰略管理工具的案例，作為該經驗數據的輔助數據來源。
根據本研究進行的分析，發現具有領導力和策略的4P（SWOT分析）不僅對質量結果而且對業務結果都有積極影響。此外，基於逐步回歸分析，發現對質量和業務結果影響最大的有兩個推動力，即“戰略”和“領導能力”，而第二個則是“推動力”和“產品/服務”。有影響力的研究變量來影響業務成果。
這項研究得出的結論可能意味著，通過執行管理良好的戰略計劃，並適當實施/部署相關的質量活動/技術，可以實現公司的出色業務成果。但是，一些局限性限制了研究結果的確定性。局限性包括，首先，本研究中使用的MBNQA獲勝者案例都是出色的商業案例。既沒有調查中等績效的案例，也沒有調查低績效的案例。這可能會導致研究結果出現偏差。其次，研究結果還受到摘要報告的限制，摘要報告是從MBNQA網站的數據庫中獲得的輔助數據源。第三，證據和進度評估由研究作者進行。儘管進行了可靠性和有效性測試，但仍然存在一定程度的不確定性。

這是一項實證研究，旨在研究將SWOT分析作為戰略管理工具與4P模型結合使用，整體質量因素對業務結果的影響。此外，本研究中採用的多案例方法不是在大多數以前的研究中使用案例研究方法來研究SWOT分析工具和質量管理，而是旨在產生相當籠統的研究結果。
關鍵字：SWOT分析，戰略管理，4P模型，領導力，卓越業務，全面質量管理

SWOT analysis is one of the well-known strategic management (SM) tool which was developed at the mid-1960 in the US. According to the literature, this technique is now getting more and more financial focus. Some of the research highlighted the benefits of SWOT analysis by combining with the quality factors/techniques. In particular, the Japanese SM, which is called Hoshin Kanri, shows that quality is a critical factor towards the long-term development in a company. This research then aims to investigate how SWOT analysis as a SM tool influences business outcome when the quality factors/techniques are involved in the business processes.
The 4P model, which was proposed by Professor Dahlgaard, is used as a conceptual model for the investigation of quality factors in this study. The 4P model indicates ‘People,’ ‘Partnership,’ ‘Process’ and ‘Product’ with ‘Leadership’ as the foundation of the 4P. The model suggests the awareness of human resources and their role in the organizational context as the basic unit for any organizational improvement activity. The research framework adopts the European Foundation Quality Management (EFQM) business excellence model which consists of two parts: ‘Enablers’ and ‘Business Results’. It starts from the Enablers, where SWOT analysis as the SM tool and the 4P with leadership are used to represent the rest of enablers. Business results are divided into two categories: quality results and key performance results. 12 cases, used SWOT as the strategic management tool, are chosen from the database of Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) winners as the secondary data sources for this empirical
In light of the analyses conducted in this study, it is found that the 4P with leadership and strategy (SWOT analysis) have a positive influence on not only the quality results, but also the business results. In addition, based on the stepwise regression analysis, it is found that two enablers, ‘Strategy’ and ‘Leadership’, are the most influential to the quality and business results, while ‘Process’ and ‘Products/Services’ are the two second influential research variables to influence the business results.
The findings derived from this study may imply that excellent business results in a company can be achieved by fulfilling a well-managed strategic planning combining with an appropriate implementation/deployment of the related quality activities/techniques. However, some limitations restricted the certainty of the research findings. The limitations include, first of all, the MBNQA winner cases used in this study are all the business excellent cases. Neither the medium nor even the low business performance case is investigated. It probably causes the bias of the research findings. Secondly, the research findings are also restricted by the summary reports which are the secondary data sources obtained from the database of MBNQA website. Thirdly, the evidences and the progress assessments are performed by the research authors. Despite the reliability and validity tests being conducted, it still exists certain degree of uncertainty.
This is an empirical study being conducted to investigate how the use of SWOT analysis as the strategic management tool combining with the 4P model, the total quality factors, influences on the business results. Furthermore, instead of the case study method being used in most previous research to investigate the SWOT analysis tool and the quality management, the multiple case method adopted in this study intends to produce a rather generalized research result.
Keywords: SWOT Analysis, Strategic Management, 4P Model, Leadership, Business Excellence, Total Quality Management

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Research Motivation 3
1.3 Research Objectives 6
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 7
2.1 Development of Strategic Management in Japan and USA 7
2.1.1 Development of Strategic Management in Japan 7
2.2.2 Development of Strategic Management in the USA 10
2.2.3 The differences between Japan & USA 13
2.2 Review of SWOT Method 15
2.3 Review of SWOT Method in the Quality Aspect 21
2.4 The Research Trend of SWOT and SWOT Quality related 23
2.5 Summary of Literature Review 24
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27
3.1 Research Framework 27
3.2 Case Selection 29
3.3 Operational Definition and Measurement of Research Variables 30
3.4 Data Analysis Procedures 32
CHAPTER 4 RESULT ANALYSIS 42
4.1 Primary Result Analysis 42
4.2 Advanced Result Analysis 44
CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSIONS 46
5.1 Summary of The Result Analyses 46
5.2 Strategy and Leadership as The Influential Factors in Business Excellence 47
5.3 The Role of People and Partnership in Business Excellence 49
5.4 Conclusion 53

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