臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在現今的產品開發流程中，許多設計師在製作外觀模型前，會利用先進的3D繪圖工具製作擬真的產品精描圖，並透過詳細的圖片內容來評估新概念的造形、顏色、與表面質感。換言之，產品精描圖本身提供的資訊必須讓觀賞者深信，其中的物體看起來如同實際存在。因此，本研究為了探討不同材質條件下，採用以影像為基礎之光源照明或標準攝影棚光源，以及保留或去除背景影像的變數組合，對於產品精描圖之功能真實度的影響，本研究設計了新的心理物理實驗來調查圖片真實度。在實驗中，受測者必須先觀察應用某一表面處理之實體模型；接著，在螢幕上觀察對應材質之虛擬模型，然後再給予評分。研究結果顯示，材質表面為中度反射屬性之虛擬模型，在保留背景影像的情形下，採用以影像為基礎之光源照明，能夠獲得較高的功能真實度；相反地，在去除背景影像的情形下，採用標準攝影棚光源能夠獲得較高的功能真實度。

Nowadays, in the process of product development, many designers use advanced 3D graphic tools to create realistic product renderings for evaluation of shapes, colors, and textures of new concepts before building physical mock-up models. In such situations, a viewer needs to be convinced that the synthetic object in the product rendering really exists in reality. The goal of the research was to determine if the techniques such as image-based lighting and background removal could improve the functional realism of product rendering, for products with the materials commonly used in design, compared with standard lighting and original background image. We conducted a psychophysical experiment to measure the realism of computer renderings, by asking subjects to observe the physical models with specific surface treatments before assessing the renderings attempting to illustrate the corresponding materials. The results suggest that the image-based lighting technique significantly improves the functional realism of product renderings with the use of medium reflectivity material while keeping the original background image. On the other hand, standard lighting method contributes to higher realism in the absence of a background.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 IV
目錄 VII
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XV

1、 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.1.1 高擬真產品精描圖之重要性 1
1.1.2 真實度之定義與分類 3
1.1.3 產品精描圖與功能真實度之關係 5
1.1.4 功能真實度之主要變數 6
1.2 研究目的 7
1.3 研究範圍與限制 8
2、 文獻探討 11
2.1 物理真實度之相關研究 11
2.2 相片真實度之相關研究 11
2.3 功能真實度之相關研究 12
2.4 IBL相關研究與應用 13
3、 研究方法 15
3.1 實驗基本架構 15
3.2 實驗調查方式 16
3.2.1 功能真實度與實驗架構之關係 16
3.2.2 實體與虛擬模型之探討 17
3.3 實驗變數之探討 25
3.3.1 材質自變數之探討 25
3.3.2 光源自變數之探討 28
3.3.3 背景自變數之探討 30
3.3.4 功能真實度之探討 31
3.3.5 受測者種類之探討 32
3.4 實驗流程 32
3.4.1 實驗環境與調查工具介紹 32
3.4.2 實驗基本流程介紹 33
3.4.3 調查工具之介面說明 34
3.5 正式實驗 38
4、 結果與討論 41
4.1 分析方法 41
4.2 分析流程 41
4.3 第一階段結果分析：整體之差異比較 43
4.3.1 在光源／陰影真實度方面 43
4.3.2 在表面處理／材質真實度方面 45
4.3.3 在表面反射／折射真實度方面 47
4.3.4 在整體真實度方面 49
4.3.5 小結 51
4.4 第二階段結果分析：不同材質水準條件下之差異比較 52
4.4.1 在MV1材質水準條件下：灰色亮面噴漆 52
4.4.2 在MV2材質水準條件下：灰色半平光噴漆加細咬花 60
4.4.3 在MV3材質水準條件下：灰色平光噴漆 68
4.4.4 在MV4材質水準條件下：灰色半平光噴漆加粗咬花 76
4.4.5 在MV5材質種水準條件下：銀色金屬噴漆 84
4.4.6 在MV6材質水準條件下：銀色珠光亮面噴漆 92
4.4.7 在MV7材質水準條件下：真空蒸鍍 100
4.4.8 在MV8材質水準條件下：透明樹脂 108
4.4.9 在MV9材質水準條件下：透明樹脂內面噴砂 116
4.4.10 小結 124
4.5 第三階段結果分析：受測者間變數之差異比較 129
4.5.1 在設計相關科系方面 129
4.5.2 在產品設計經驗方面 131
4.5.3 在擬真繪圖經驗方面 133
5、 結論與建議 135
5.1 結果討論 135
5.1.1 第一階段結果討論：材質、光源與背景間之交互作用探討 135
5.1.2 第二階段結果討論：HDRI光源與標準攝影棚光源之使用條件 135
5.1.3 第二階段結果討論：保留與去除背景影像之使用條件 147
5.1.4 第三階段結果討論：受測者間變數之差異比較 152
5.2 實際應用之建議 153
5.2.1 保留背景影像條件下 153
5.2.2 去除背景影像條件下 154
5.2.3 採用HDRI光源條件下 156
5.2.4 採用標準攝影棚光源條件下 156
5.2.5 受測者種類對於功能真實度之影響 158
5.3 後續研究之建議 158
5.3.1 現有研究問題 158
5.3.2 後續研究方向 160
6、 參考文獻 163
7、 附錄 169
7.1 3D繪圖軟體之詳細設定 169
7.2 虛擬材質之詳細設定 172
7.3 光源自變數之詳細設定 177
7.4 背景自變數之詳細設定 179
7.5 光碟附錄內容說明 181

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