臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

生物炭是由有機生物質(如農業廢棄物)在無氧或缺氧條件下熱裂解產生的固體產物，具碳封存能力，亦可改善酸化土質並能留住營養物質、增加作物產量，而過量營養物質進入水體，如氨氮，造成藻類大量繁殖，導致水中溶氧耗盡，造成優養化，影響水體生態環境。生物炭原料類型會影響其物化特性，欲瞭解生物炭吸附水中氨氮之能力，需找出主要影響關鍵參數，以利篩選材料合適性。本研究選用木頭、椰殼纖維、稻殼、松果、蔗渣、玉米芯、竹子、菱角殼、龍眼殼及銀合歡共十種農業廢棄物，以550oC熱解溫度下製成生物炭做為吸附劑去除水溶液中的氨氮，進一步探討生物炭特性(包含元素組成、表面積、表面官能基、表面親疏水性等)與吸附水中氨氮之關聯性。結果顯示，生物炭對氨氮吸附量範圍為0.5-2.2 mg/g，而其中以銀合歡吸附效果最好(2.15 mg/g)，菱角殼次之(1.94 mg/g)，椰殼纖維吸附能力最差(0.53 mg/g)。生物炭的O/C莫耳比、N/C莫耳比為氨氮吸附主要影響因子，生物炭表面親疏水性為次要影響因子，生物炭O/C莫耳比愈高，對於氨氮吸附能力愈好，但生物炭表面若較為疏水性，也有可能會降低其吸附氨氮的能力。本研究期望在氨氮污染控制方面擇其適用生物炭性質與特徵，以利生物炭種類之選擇，而也讓後續生物炭資源化利用於農業應用，作為土壤改良劑或肥料緩釋載體等研究提供參考。

Biochar, the pyrolysis product of biomass material with limited oxygen, has the potential to reduce soil acidity and increase crop production and sustained-release fertilize. Ammonia, the major pollution sources of sewage and wastewater from industry and livestock farming, often accelerates eutrophication of water bodies. This study was conducted to indicate which physicochemical properties of biochars would be indicators that directly influence ammonia adsorption. Ten feedstocks were used to create ten kinds of biochars by pyrolysis at 550oC for 4 h, including wood, coconut fiber, rice husk, pinecone, corncob, bamboo, bagasse, water chestnut shell, longan shell, and white popinac. To investigate the relationship between ammonia adsorption capacity and the physicochemical properties of biochars, including elemental contents, specific surface area, pore volume, pore size, surface functional groups, and hydrophilicity. Ammonia adsorption capacity of biochars varied from 0.53 to 2.15 mgNH4+-N/g, with the highest adsorption capacity being white popinac (2.15 mgNH4+-N/g), followed by water chestnut shell (1.94 mgNH4+-N/g), while coconut fiber was the lowest (0.53 mgNH4+-N/g). The O/C molar ratios of biochars were highly correlated to ammonium adsorption capacities of biochars, indicating that these factors were the major index to evaluate ammonia adsorption capacity of biochars. The hydrophobic surface of the biochars maybe reduces the adsorption in aqueous solution. To find out the factors affecting the ammonia adsorption capacity of biochars, it is expected to select the applicable physicochemical properties and feedstock types of biochars in the control of ammonia pollution, and also develop as soil amendment or slow release fertilizers in agricultural applications.

摘 要 I
Abstract II
目 錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 生物炭介紹與應用 3
2.1.1 生物炭之原料與製備方法 4
2.1.2 影響生物炭物化特性的因子 8
2.1.3 生物炭於水處理之應用 13
2.2 臺灣農業廢棄物製備生物炭之潛力 15
2.3 氨氮廢水特性及處理技術 19
2.3.1 氨氮廢水之來源及特性 19
2.3.2 氨氮廢水處理技術 20
2.4 以生物炭吸附水中之氨氮 22
2.4.1 生物炭應用於含氨氮廢水之處理 22
2.4.2 氨氮吸附機制 24
2.5 小結 25
第三章 研究方法 26
3.1 研究架構 26
3.2 研究材料與方法 27
3.3 生物炭之製備 28
3.4 生物炭之特性分析 30
3.4.1 生物炭基本特性分析 30
3.4.2 組成元素分析 31
3.4.3 比表面積與孔洞特性分析 31
3.4.4 表面親疏水性量測 32
3.4.4 表面官能基分析 33
3.4.5 表面形態分析 33
3.5 生物炭吸附氨氮廢水試驗 34
第四章 結果與討論 35
4.1 生物炭特性 35
4.1.1 熱解溫度 35
4.1.2 pH值、界達電位 35
4.1.3 H/C及O/C莫耳比 37
4.1.4 比表面積及孔隙特性 38
4.1.5 表面親疏水性 39
4.1.6 表面官能基 40
4.1.7 表面形態 41
4.2 生物炭吸附水中氨氮之效能評估 43
4.3 生物炭特性與吸附水中氨氮之關聯性探討 46
4.3.1 氨氮吸附量與O/C、H/C、N/C、S/C莫耳比之關聯性 46
4.3.2 氨氮吸附量與比表面積之關聯性 49
4.3.3 氨氮吸附量與親疏水之關聯性 50
4.3.4 氨氮吸附量與表面官能基之關聯性 52
4.4 小結 53
第五章 結論與建議 54
5.1 結論 54
5.2 建議 54
參考文獻 55

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