臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出現場總線技術應用在工業自動化生產設備界面間通訊品質正確率提昇方法，因為Modbus現場總線協議技術是最早期的技術之一，且獲得工業界的長期廣泛使用。這當中，各設備端長時間不中斷的運作需求下，若設備老舊又加上通訊線路不穏定下，易於受到外部干擾因素，各設備主-從端之間無法正確判讀邏輯訊號準位，誤報情形時常發生，各設備無法正常通訊，造成設備運轉效率低落，嚴重時自動化產線停擺。本論文針對Modbus通訊參數、串列埠通訊參數及RS-485傳輸特性等各項參數進行探討，目的在提高訊號傳輸正確率，提昇自動化設備運作效率及穏定性。
基於工作經驗，實驗設計是在Modbus RTU通訊模式下，透過調整通訊參數，在Modbus應用層，實現一個RS-485實體層的測試方式，對Modbus從端設備的掃描及測試，在可調整範圍通訊參數下，選擇最適合使用者需求的Modbus RTU傳輸方式，並以資料庫儲存資料作為後端分析和表列化的統計，讓工程人員能夠更精確、更容易掌握現場狀況，透過數據分析找出癥結點，不但進行改善缺失與維修，而且事先因應迅速維護，將可免除生產線停止運作的情況發生。
經由實驗結果測試得知RS-485特性；首先，若為鮑率越高與線阻越大及干擾電壓越大，則傳輸正確率越低；再者，在單端電阻與方波干擾模型下，則方波可以補償在電阻衰減的訊號；最後，在共模電阻與方波干擾模型下，低鮑率受到地端干擾影響較大，則傳輸正確率較低。因此本論文提出，為維持訊號傳輸的正確率，在高線阻的情況下引用方波訊號，及在地端存在電位差時提高鮑率，可以使傳遞訊號的邏輯準位在合理的準位，避免主-從端傳輸線路電阻動態變化，造成邏輯訊號準位漂移，提昇邏輯訊號準位判讀，以達成強健的Modbus RTU通訊系統。

Fieldbus is a technology commonly used in manufacturing automation, while Modbus is one of the earliest protocols used in Fieldbus technologies. It can be found, that many fieldbus equipment disconnects constantly as a result of operating under an electrically noisy environment. Without proper maintenance, this can cause the equipment to have a poor quality of bus communication. In this study, we seek to improve data transmission stability and accuracy. This can be done, by adjusting Modbus parameters, serial parameters, and RS-485 operation characteristics.
Based on Modbus RTU architecture, one can then design a communication testing model. This can be complemented on the RS-485 physical layer, by using the Modbus application layer. In other words, scanning the Modbus device communication parameters and testing communication stability, by adjusting the communication parameters. Choosing a more suitable parameter of Modbus RTU communication, can be helpful in achieving the users’ requirements. Also storing data to the SQL for back-end analysis and tabulated statistics, is a great way of troubleshooting potential problems through data analysis. In addition, preventative maintenance can be implemented, to mitigate the chance of device failure, which could otherwise be the cause of production line downtime.
According to the experimental results of RS-485 characteristics: experiencing a higher baud rate, and additional resistance, coupled with an increased interference voltage, will surely be the cause of lower accuracy in data transmission. However, applying a single square wave interference on the RS-485, could possibly compensate for the loss of impedance. Applying a ground-potential difference square wave, could cause lower data transmission accuracy on lower baud. This effect can be minimized by implementing a Modbus RTU communication system with higher stability.

目錄

摘 要 i
ABSTRACT iii
誌謝 v
目錄 vi
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機與研究目的 2
第二章 理論基礎 4
2-1 Modbus通訊協議 4
2-1-1 Modbus RTU 5
2-1-2 Modbus TCP 8
2-2 傳輸介質 9
2-2-1 同軸電纜 10
2-2-2 雙絞線 10
2-2-3 光纖 11
2-3 傳輸方式 12
2-3-1 串列通訊、並列通訊 12
2-3-2 同步傳輸、異步傳輸 13
2-3-3 傳輸接口 RS-422、RS-485 14
第三章 實驗方法 17
3-1 架構設計 17
3-1-1 硬體架構 17
3-1-2 軟體架構 22
3-1-3 系統流程圖 23
3-2 定義通訊參數 29
3-3 通訊埠自動掃描 35
3-4 通訊埠測試及統計分析 40
第四章 結果與討論 44
4-1 結果分析 44
4-2 缺陷及改善方法 64
第五章 結論 66
參考文獻 67

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