臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究結合低功耗藍芽裝置、微小型溫溼度感應裝置、溫度環境調節設備、小型溫室農場示範箱與手機APP，來實現新型智慧溫室農場之示範。此研究的新穎設計構想是採用低功耗藍芽裝置與微小型溫溼度感應裝置，用以製作輕薄短小的溫溼度傳感器及手機APP連線，實現提供即時性的溫濕度數據給溫室農場管理者。手機APP可隨時變更溫溼度的設定值傳回小型溫室農場示範箱，以讓小型溫室農場示範箱的溫度環境調節設備因應新指令而運作。未來，該溫濕度紀錄可上傳雲端供管理者對於農作物生長狀況、品質良莠與產能消長變化相對於溫溼度變化作追蹤比對，建立完整的生產管理追蹤分析機制。本研究另設置六個各自獨立的低功耗藍芽傳導溫濕度感應器，模擬農場管理者巡守溫室農場時，手機感應其距離最近的感應標籤感應並連線，雙向傳輸資訊。意即手機與最近距離之標籤連線後雙向傳送資訊。低功耗藍芽傳導溫溼度感應標籤所感應到的溫溼度數值持續推播給溫室農場管理者的手機。農場管理者收到訊息後，判斷並發送新的設定值可傳回農場之溫濕度控制設備，使其農場之環境控制設備可依設定值動作。爾後其手機與最近距離之感應標籤切斷連線，農場管理者繼續輪巡，直到該手機與下一個最近距離之感應標籤再度感應進而建立連線。上述功能可由管理者判斷是否需要再重新發送設定值。藉由此連線與控制功能，希冀大面積的農場的植物生長環境條件，能經由農業專業管理者即時判斷，並節省其農場的環境調控設備用電。另外，本研究中藉由APP發送預期溫溼度目標值給農場環境控制設備。透過遲滯控制方法，使溫度與濕度有其上限與下限的運作區間。當目標值與實際感測溫濕度的差異值符合運作的指令，該環境控制設備依指令啟動或關閉以達成溫度與濕度控制。經由模擬實驗之結果證明，遲滯控制器在小型溫室農場示範箱之溫度與濕度的反應速度不同。在此環境條件下，濕度反應的高低動作區間範圍為5%；溫度反應的高低動作區間為1oC。即時濕度反應至設定濕度的時間，比即時溫度反應至設定溫度的時間長。即時濕度的漣波現象約10分鐘，即時溫度的漣波現象約7分鐘。為確保該量測之溫溼度感應偵測為準確，另配置高精密度之溫溼度量測儀器。經過實驗佐證溫度與溼度由該標籤所感應傳送之環境溫溼度，與高精密度溫溼度量測儀器的未校準處理前的溫度誤差為+3.2oC，濕度誤差為+3%。經過校準作業後溫度誤差為攝氏+0.2oC，濕度誤差為零。另外，本裝置在合歡山海拔約2,000公尺的茶園上實地測試連線，測試結果為正常連線。本研究目的為精準農業的發展趨勢下，針對農場之溫溼度的控制，提供輕薄短小之低功耗藍芽傳導溫溼度感應標籤，尺寸僅有3 cm x 4 cm。該感應器以連線手機APP，使農場管理者收集各種農作物的生長狀況。根據該變化，農場管理者以農業專業技術，作出最佳化的環境設定。

The study is designed to integrate the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), humidity and temperature sensors, one demonstration of a chamber with one control board of one refrigerator and one ceramic heater powered by one stand-alone DC power supply, as well as the smart phone APP, for implementing the smart farm. The initial concept of the smart farm is using the miniature BLE device with humidity and temperature sensor to implement the connection between the smart phone and the manager. The farm manager can get the instantaneous and accurate environment temperature and humidity through APP, then base on his/her own farming experience to make the new set point to the environment control unit. The control unit will switch on or off as hysteresis to control the environment conditions. The hysteresis control operates in the range of the high limit and low limit at set point for humidity and temperature. In the future, the collected data from the farm upload to the cloud in order to record the plant growth status, the plant quality and production trend. It can offer the information to the manager for comparing the variety of the environment condition. The study can fulfill the trace capability as production records in daily detail. Furthermore, it can analyze the contribution to various plants from the combination of temperature and humidity to achieve the higher productivity, better crop quality, the yield rate control, less herbicide for environmentally friendly, regardless the climate change or unpredictable, dangerous, labor force shortage, etc. In this study, it establishes with six individual BLE sensor tags to simulate the manager patrolled the farm collecting the data from BLE sensor tags. The smart phone is the master, several BLE sensor tags are the slaves. The environmental humidity and temperature data are broadcasted from the BLE sensor tags in certain area; the smart phone listens and connects to the specific tag. The manager can read the data from the smart phone APP then send the new set points based on agricultural experience to BLE tag. The new set point from APP through BLE sends to the Micro Control Unit (MCU). The MCU turns on or turns off the environment condition equipments. Once the manager leaves the certain specific area, the particular tag is disconnected. Then the smart phone listens to the nearest tag and connects again to the smart phone repeating the procedure once more. The simulation is to make the big size green house, saving the energy, which keeps the constant farming environment as a plus value added. In addition, this study use hysteresis controller to form the feedback loop in order to control the temperature and the humidity. The refrigerator turns on by MCU while the humidity compares to set point from APP is higher, it turns off on the contrary. The ceramic heat plates turn on by MCU if the temperature compares to set point from APP is lower, and it turns off otherwise. From the experiments, it results in different humidity and temperature response time. Under the spatial measurement of this demonstration chamber, the refrigerator turns on and off as relative humidity 5% compared to set point, the ceramic heating plates turn on or off as 1oC. It takes longer time of humidity rather than temperature response. The humidity hysteresis time is approximately 10 minutes. The temperature hysteresis is around as 7 minutes. To ensure all the temperature and humidity measurement are accurate, we employ one FLIR reliable thermal scanner to confirm the measurements are correct. It confirms that without calibration, the temperature detected from BLE sensor tag compared to meter is +3.2oC, the humidity of tag compared to meter is +3%. After the calibration is completed, the temperature difference shrinks to +0.2oC between the reliable thermal scan humidity and temperature meter. In addition, the humidity is equivalent compared to a thermal scan meter without any difference. Furthermore, we have an open air in field-testing in one private tea garden in Hehuan Mountain, Nan Tou County. It is an open area not to able to drive the conditioner. It tests for the connection of star topology of several sensor tags. The labor force is quite limited in high altitude as 2,000 meters, since it is extremely boring without the entertainment and harsh environment. It occupies with numbers of employees only during the short-lived seasonal harvest. In rest of the year, it is difficult to employ the labors for farming. It is an urgent need for those tea field farmers to find the alternative automation to help farming in leisure time. After the field-testing, the farmer experienced the advantage of smart farm offering the real time humidity and temperature, they express the desires to have the next generation for the underground Internet of Things (IoT) for auto irrigation. It results in the purpose of the study is to offer the miniature portable BLE devices through the smart phone APP to control the farm environment. The size of the tag is only 3 cm x 4 cm. The smart phone accompanies with the manager scan and connects to BLE sensor devices for agricultural decision. In the future, it is used for production records to the clouds in order to fulfill the trace capability for different plant growths, achieve the greenhouse farming profitability, increase the plant productivity, make the management sustainability, enhance crop quality, and protect the environment friendly as an implementation for Precision Agriculture (PA).

Contents
摘要............................ i
Abstract.............. iii
Acknowledgment vi
Contents.............. vii
List of Tables.............. x
List of Figures.............. xi
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Motivations 1
1.2 Objectives 3
1.3 Outline 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 Precision Agriculture 5
2.2 Internet of Thing 10
2.3 Smart Farm 14
2.4 Environment Control 18
2.5 Chapter Summary 21
CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE 22
3.1 Introduction 22
3.2 Chamber 26
3.3 Sensor Tag 29
3.4 Control Board and Smart Phone APP 32
3.5 IoT and Smart Phone APP 33
3.6 Calibration 35
3.7 Chapter Summary 36
CHAPTER 4 BLE SENSOR TAG AND CONTROL DESIGN 37
4.1 Introduction 37
4.2 Master- Smart Phone APP Design 38
4.3 Slave-Sensor Tag Design 40
4.4 Control Board Design 42
4.5 Sensor Tag and Control Board Design 43
4.6 Hysteresis Control 44
4.7 Calibration 46
4.8 Chapter Summary 47
CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTS AND VERIFICATIONS 48
5.1 Introduction 48
5.2 Experiments for The Chamber at First Set Up 50
5.3 Experiments of Second and Third Set Up 51
5.4 Experiments of Forth Set Up 52
5.5 Constant Humidity and Temperature Curve 53
5.6 Calibration Before and After 54
5.7 Smartphone Connect to Six BLE Tags 56
5.8 Chapter Summary 57
CHARTER 6 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH 58
6.1 Conclusion 58
6.2 Future Research 60
References................... 62
Arthurs Profile 65

List of Tables

TABLE 3.1 THE SPECIFICATION FOR THE REFRIGERATOR 28
TABLE 3.2 SENSOR TAG MAJOR MATERIAL LIST 29
TABLE 3.3 BLE SOC SPECIFICATION 30
TABLE 3.4 HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE SENSOR SPECIFICATION 31
TABLE 4.1 HYSTERESIS CONTROL OF HUMIDITY 44
TABLE 4.2 HYSTERESIS CONTROL OF TEMPERATURE 44
TABLE 5.1 THE SET UP AND READING OF HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE 49

List of Figures

FIGURE 3.1 SYSTEM DIAGRAM 23
FIGURE 3.2 CONTROL DIAGRAM 24
FIGURE 3.3 SMART PHONE APP 24
FIGURE 3.4 SENSOR TAG 25
FIGURE 3.5 SENSOR TAG WSN TO SMART PHONE APP 25
FIGURE 3.6 CHAMBER APPRERANCE 26
FIGURE 3.7 POWER SUPPLY APPEARANCE 26
FIGURE 3.8 CONTROL BOARD APPREANCES 27
FIGURE 3.9 CERAMIC HEAT MODULE APPEARANCES 27
FIGURE 3.10 REFRIGERATOR, MOISTENING BOX AND HUMIDIFIER 28
FIGURE 3.11 BLE SOC SCHEME 30
FIGURE 3.12 TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY SENSOR LAYOUT 31
FIGURE 3.13 CONTROL BOARD LAYOUT 32
FIGURE 3.14 INITIAL SET UP SCREEN 34
FIGURE 3.15 TEMPERATURE PROFILE 34
FIGURE 3.16 HUMIDITY PROFILE 34
FIGURE 3.17 CO2 PROFILE 34
FIGURE 3.18 FLIR-MR176 APPEARANCES 35
FIGURE 4.1 SMART PHONE APP FLOW CHART 38
FIGURE 4.2 SMART PHONE APP FUNCTIONS 39
FIGURE 4.3 SMART PHONE APP FUNCTION DIAGRAM 39
FIGURE 4.4 SENSOR MODULE DIAGRAM 40
FIGURE 4.5 BLE SENSOR TAG FLOW CHART 41
FIGURE 4.6 CONTROL BOARD DIAGRAM 42
FIGURE 4.7 TWO MODULES CONTROL DIAGRAM 43
FIGURE 4.8 FLOW CHART OF HYSTERESIS CONTROL 45
FIGURE 4.9 CALIBRATION FLOW CHART 46
FIGURE 5.1 INITIAL SET UP 50
FIGURE 5.2 INSTANTANEOUS CO2 50
FIGURE 5.3 INSTANTANEOUS HUMIDITY 50
FIGURE 5.4 INSTANTANEOUS TEMPERATURE 50
FIGURE 5.5 SECOND SET UP 51
FIGURE 5.6 THIRD SET UP 51
FIGURE 5.7 HUMIDITY AT 2ND SET UP 51
FIGURE 5.8 TEMPERATURE AT 2ND SET UP 51
FIGURE 5.9 FORTH SET UP 52
FIGURE 5.10 VOC AT 4TH SET UP 52
FIGURE 5.11 HUMIDITY AT 4TH SET UP 52
FIGURE 5.12 TEMPERATURE AT 4TH SET UP 52
FIGURE 5.13 HUMIDITY AT PM22:09 53
FIGURE 5.14 HUMIDITY AT PM22:15 53
FIGURE 5.15 TEMPERATURE AT PM22:09 53
FIGURE 5.16 TEMPERATURE AT PM22:15 53
FIGURE 5.17 MEASUREMENT BEFORE CALIBRATION 54
FIGURE 5.18 MEASUREMENT AFTER CALIBRATION 55
FIGURE 5.19 SENSORS BEFORE CALIBRATIONS 55
FIGURE 5.20 SENSORS AFTER CALIBRATIONS 55
FIGURE 5.21 MULTIPLE TAGS CONNECTION 56
FIGURE 5.22 MULTIPLE TAGS MEASUREMENT 56
FIGURE 6.1 FUTURE STUDIES OF TWO-WAY WIRELESS CONNECTION 60
FIGURE 6.2 IOT USE AI AND UAV 61

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