臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在高教擴張的社會脈絡下，本研究探討大學期間的就學貸款經驗是否以及如何影響青年進入勞動市場後的位置及其後續的職涯流動。過去相關研究多以薪資作為衡量職涯結果的主要指標，本研究則透過多維度指標來辨識年輕成人在勞動市場中的位置，以更完整地掌握青年在職涯初期的勞動市場處境。本研究以「臺灣家庭動態調查」（PSFD）2016年至2022年之縱貫資料為基礎，篩選出808位具有大學及以上學歷之受訪者作為分析樣本。首先運用潛在剖面分析（Latent Profile Analysis, LPA），根據薪資、加班程度與職業聲望，將青年初入勞動市場及2022年所從事的工作區分為「低」、「中低」、「中高」與「高」四種潛在工作類型；再透過廣義有序羅吉斯迴歸與多元線性迴歸分析，檢驗大學期間就學貸款經驗與初職和2022年之工作類型、及其工作類型流動之關聯。
本研究的主要發現如下。第一，就學貸款未對青年後續的工作薪資與加班程度產生顯著影響，僅對初職的職業聲望發揮邊際顯著的負向效果。第二，就學貸款降低大學畢業生在職涯起點進入「較高條件之兩種工作類型」的機會，但未影響大學畢業生在2022年時進入的工作類型、及後續的工作流動。綜合而言，本研究提供理解青年勞動市場位置及其變動的另一種分析視角，指出臺灣就學貸款對青年職涯發展的影響相對有限，其作用較集中於職涯發展的起點，而非後續職涯發展軌跡。

Against the backdrop of higher education expansion, this study examines whether and how student loan borrowing during college shapes young adults’ labor market positions and subsequent career mobility. While previous research has typically measured labor market outcomes in terms of earnings, this study uses multidimensional indicators to identify young adults’ labor market positions, providing a more comprehensive assessment of their early-career outcomes. Drawing on longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD, 2016–2022), this study analyzes a sample of 808 respondents who had attained at least a college degree. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was first employed to classify jobs held at labor market entry and in 2022 into four latent job types—low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high—based on earnings, the extent of work beyond standard working hours, and occupational prestige. Generalized ordered logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were then used to examine the associations between student loan borrowing during college and job types at labor market entry and in 2022, as well as subsequent job-type mobility.
The main findings are as follows. First, student loan borrowing had no significant effects on young adults’ subsequent earnings or the extent of work beyond standard working hours, with only a marginally significant negative effect on occupational prestige at labor market entry. Second, student loan borrowing reduced college graduates’ likelihood of entering the upper-middle and high job types at labor market entry but had no significant effects on their job types in 2022 or on subsequent job-type mobility. Overall, this study offers an alternative analytical perspective on young adults’ labor market positions and how they change over time, showing that the influence of student loan borrowing on young adults’ career development in Taiwan is relatively limited and concentrated at the beginning of their careers rather than extending into subsequent career trajectories.

謝辭 I
摘要 II
英文摘要 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
壹 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 2
貳 文獻回顧 5
第一節 台灣就學貸款制度與其運作現況 5
第二節 誰較可能借：家庭資源與就學貸款的分布 8
第三節 借後的人生：就學貸款與工作 10
第四節 超越薪資框架：工作品質視角 14
參 研究方法 18
第一節 研究架構與研究假設 18
第二節 資料來源 21
第三節 變項定義與測量 22
第四節 分析方法 26
肆 研究分析 29
第一節 潛在剖面分析 29
第二節 描述性統計 31
第三節 學貸影響薪資、加班程度、職業聲望之線性迴歸 38
第四節 學貸影響工作類型之廣義有序羅吉斯迴歸 42
第五節 學貸經驗與工作類型流動的多元線性迴歸 46
伍 結論與研究限制 51
第一節 研究結論與討論 51
第二節 研究限制與未來研究建議 53
陸 參考文獻 54

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