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研究生:沈卓沛
研究生(外文):Cho-pei Shen
論文名稱:麥克道爾《十二首炫技練習曲,作品四十六〈TwelveVirtuosoStudies〉》之第二、三、四、十、十一、十二首寫作手法與鋼琴演奏技巧之探討/沈卓沛鋼琴獨奏會
論文名稱(外文):Edward MacDowell’s Selected Piano Pieces, No.2, No.3, No.4, No.10, No.11, and No.12 of “Twelve Virtuoso Studies, Op.46”: An Analysis of Essential Performance Techniques and Compositional Styles. / Shen,Cho-Pei Piano Recital
指導教授:叢培娣
指導教授(外文):Ingrid Tsung
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:東吳大學
系所名稱:音樂學系
學門:藝術學門
學類:音樂學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2004
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:87
中文關鍵詞:麥克道爾美國作曲家炫技風潮練習曲音樂會練習曲炫技練習曲技巧
外文關鍵詞:MacDowellAmerican ComposervirtuosityetudeConcert Etude.Virtuoso Studiestechnique
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本論文主要探討麥克道爾《十二首炫技練習曲》中第2、3、4、10、11、12首,以創作背景的影響及演奏技巧運用與詮釋這兩方面,作為本論文的研究方向。
首先,由麥克道爾生平背景談起,以作曲家所處時代的音樂特色-「炫技風潮」切入,進而瞭解鋼琴樂器所受之影響及發展。而後,深入分析樂曲,並且回顧十九世紀練習曲的發展慨況,藉此明瞭當代練習曲演變與其後發展。發掘炫技風潮與鋼琴的演進帶給鋼琴演奏技巧上與音樂上的新突破。
本論文中所探討的作品是麥克道爾回美國的前幾年,為了幫助學生增進彈奏技巧及音樂詮釋所創作的。音樂上,如同個人風格小品一般。在樂曲形式上,喜用古典單純的結構-二段體與三段體,有時會使用舞曲形式。而特別之處在於他會在每首樂曲結束前加入尾奏,並且再次強調樂曲的主調性。旋律的處理,麥克道爾喜歡運用半音階音群來製造特殊的多層次音響效果,用以連接不同音域的樂句與段落;有時亦將其用來引導調性的轉換。
本文中,提供彈奏者在練習時可以嘗試的練習方法。由於麥克道爾本身是一位技藝超群的優秀鋼琴家,他喜歡在自己的作品中,展露超人的技巧,在此組練習曲中,不論是快速音群彈奏、音程大跳、震音練習、重複音與和弦、八度彈奏、雙手交叉彈奏等等,這些高難度技巧都融合在他此組作品中。
筆者認為此組練習曲,開創了不同方向的技巧練習,其包含的內容不僅止於鋼琴演奏技術層面的部分,而是囊括了基本演奏技術、力度掌控、音樂風格、詮釋的練習,對於每位演奏者來說,是一組難得的練習曲作品。希望藉由本論文的研究,可以讓大家更認識這位美國音樂拓荒者,並且在演奏時,有更多實質性的幫助。
音樂會曲目:
史卡拉第(1685-1757):D大調鋼琴奏鳴曲,作品96
史卡拉第(1685-1757):a小調鋼琴奏鳴曲,作品54
貝多芬(1770-1827):第二十四首鋼琴奏鳴曲,作品78
麥克道爾(1860-1908):十二首炫技練習曲,作品46
No.2 常動曲
No.3 打獵
No.4 即興曲
No.10 三月的風
No.11 即興曲
No.12 波蘭舞曲
梅特涅(1880-1951):四個故事,作品26 第一、三首
孟德爾頌(1809-1847):莊嚴變奏曲,作品54
The content of this dissertation is concentrated on No.2, No.3, No.4, No.10, No.11 and No.12 of “Twelve Virtuoso Studies, Op.46” by Edward MacDowell. There are two principal ways to discuss these five etudes. The first thing is proving how different composing background influenced the composer’s thinking. The second thing is focus on how to practice these etudes by using different techniques, which support performers having excellent performances. However, these two main ideas are the researching direction of this dissertation.

To obtain the complete understanding about these six etudes, it refers to the biography of the composer, Edward MacDowell at first in the dissertation. After we establish the basic foundation from this valuable knowledge, we can gain specific analysis on these etudes from clear and correct point of view.

In the chapter three and four of the dissertation, the author displays different styles of etudes during the same period that MacDowell composed “Twelve Virtuoso Studies, Op.46” and also analysis the details which including the main structure, unique forms and specific chords in these six etudes. MacDowell likes to use the simple binary form or third form to substitute for complex forms. One of his unique styles is having a Coda before the end of the piece and emphasizing the tonic structure again. Some parts of his composed are like traditional styles but some parts are not. Although it is not a big revolution in music field, he creates new style on composing etudes.

In the last part of the dissertation, it mentions that we can use different methods to improve our performances by finding various practicing ways. Because MacDowell is an excellent pianist, he likes to add different elements to get challenges for difficult technique. There are lots of repeating notes, fast motions and crossing hands…ext. in his music. However, it is good for students to train their performing technique.

MacDowell, an amazing composer and a pianist, makes new achievement in the music field. His contribution is not only creating new music style but also giving performers more challenges to overcome technical things. However, this detailed dissertation is certain researching documents for performers and scholars to understand this great American composer, Edward MacDowell.
Programs:
D. Scarlatti(1685-1757):Sonata in D major, K.96(L.465)
D. Scarlatti(1685-1757):Sonata in a minor, K.54(L.241)
L. van Beethoven(1770-1827):Piano Sonata no.24 in F# Major,Op.78
E. MacDowell(1860-1908):Twelve Virtuoso Studies, Op.46
No.2 Moto Perpetuo
No.3 Wild Chase
No.4 Improvisation
No.10 March Wind
No.11 Impromptu
No.12 Polonaise
N. Medtner(1880-1951):Four Tales, Op.26 no.1,3
F. Mendelsson(1809-1847):Variations serieuses, Op.54
第一章 緒論................................................2
第二章 麥克道爾的生平與音樂風格............................6
第一節 麥克道爾生平簡介....................................6
第二節 鋼琴作品的特色.....................................10
第三章 作品四十六《炫技練習曲》創作背景...................14
第一節 二十世紀初練習曲的發展.............................14
第二節 作品四十六《炫技練習曲》的創作背景.................18
第四章 樂曲分析...........................................21
第一節 曲式結構...........................................21
第二節 調性與和聲.........................................31
第三節 旋律素材運用手法...................................42
第四節 力度與表情.........................................47
第五章 音樂詮釋...........................................53
第一節 第二首《常動曲》...................................53
第二節 第三首《狩獵》.....................................57
第三節 第四首《即興曲》...................................62
第四節 第十首《三月的風》.................................65
第五節 第十一首《即興曲》.................................67
第六節 第十二首《波蘭舞曲》...............................73
第六章 結 語.............................................80
參考書目...................................................83
外文書目
Gann, Kyle. American Music in the Twentieth Century. New York: Schirmer Books, 1997.
Gieseking, Walter, and Karl Leimer. Piano Technique. New York: Dover Publications, 1977.
Gillespie, John. Five Centuries of Keyboard Music. New York: Dover Publications, 1965.
Goode, William Myrick. The Late Piano Works of Franz Liszt and Their Influence on Some Aspects of Modern Piano Composition. Bloomington, 1965.
Goode, William Myrick. The Late Piano Works of Franz Liszt and Their Influence on Some Aspects of Modern Piano Composition. Bloomington, 1965.
Plantinga, Leon. Romantic Music: A History of Musical Style in Nineteenth-Centry Europe, The Norton Introduction to Music History. New York: .W.Norton & Company, 1984.
Sadie, Stanly, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 29vols. Lodon: Macmillan Publishers, 2001. S.v. “Etude,” by R.P. Winnington- Ingram.
Sadie, Stanly, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 29vols. Lodon: Macmillan Publishers, 2001. S.v. “Edward MacDowell,” by . Dolores Pesce.
Sadie, Stanly, ed. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 29vols. Lodon: Macmillan Publishers, 2001. S.v. “Virtuoso,” by Owen Jander.
Todd, Larry. Nineteenth-Century Piano Music. New York: Shirmer Books, 1990.

外文期刊、論文
Bobo, Richard. “Edward MacDowell as Pianist”. The American Music Teacher. 46:4(Feb.-Mar. 1997):25-28
Bobo, Richard. “Edward MacDowell’s Wonderful Etudes.”Clavier (Aperil 1994):22-25
Bobo, Richard. “MacDowell’s Twelve Virtuoso Studies: A Closer Look.” The American Music Teacher 75(Feb.-Mar. 1997): 25-29.
Bomberger, E Douglas. “Edward MacDowell, Arthur P. Schmidt, and the Shakespeare Overtures of Joachim Raff: A Case Study in the Nineteenth Century Music Publishing. ” Quarterly Journal of the Music Library Association 54:1(Sep. 1997):11-26
Clarke, Garry E. Essays on American Music. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1977.
Currier, Thomas Parker. “MacDowell As I Knew Him.” The Musical Quarterly (1915): 17-51.
Fink, Seymour. Mastering Piano Technique: A Guide for Students. Teachers, and Performers. Portland, Oregon: Amadeus Press, 1999.
Ganz, Peter Felix. The Development of the Etude for Pianoforte. Ph.D. diss., Northwestern University, 1960.
Ganz, Peter Felix. The Development of the Etude for Pianoforte. Ph.D.diss., Northwestern University, 1960.
Gat, Joseph. The Technique of Piano Playing. London: Collet’s Holdings Ltd., 1965.
Gat, Joseph. The Technique of Piano Playing. London: Collet’s Holdings Ltd, 1974.
Gordon, Stewart. Etudes for Piano Teachers. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.
Gordon, Stewart. Etudes for Piano Teachers. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Lanham, Alan H. Levy. Edward MacDowell: An American Master. Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1998.
Lowens, Margery Morgan. The New York Years of Mac Dowell. Ph.D. diss.,University of Michigan, 1971.
Walker, Alan. Franz Listz-The Virtuoso years 1811-1847. New York: Cornell Uneiversity Press, 1944.
Walker, Alan. Franz Liszt: The Virtuoso Years. 1811-1847. New York: Cornell University Press, 1983.

中文書目
Slenczenska,Ruth,指尖下的音樂:Music at Your Fingertips。王潤婷譯,台北市:大呂出版社,民80。
平島正郎,《作曲家別名曲解說–德布西》,林勝儀譯,台北:美樂,民89,頁147。
李永剛等審查,國立編譯館邊訂,音樂名詞。台北市:桂冠圖書公司,1994。
楊沛仁著,音樂史與欣賞:A History of Western Classical Music。台北市,美樂出版社,民90。
葉綠娜著,詮釋蕭邦練習曲。台北市:大呂出版社,民76。
劉志明著,曲式學。台北市:全音樂譜出版社,民86年。
鄭世文總編輯,《音樂表演用辭典》編審組,音樂表演用語辭典。台北市:世界文物出版社,民83年初版。

中文期刊、論文
周雨音著,葛利菲斯鋼琴作品《羅馬素描》(Roman Sketches op.7)之實作手法與詮釋。碩士論文,台北市:東吳大學,民92。
林婉菁著,探討巴爾托克三首練習曲『Etudes Op.18,3 pieces』寫作手法與技巧的運用。碩士論文,台北市:東吳大學,民91。
張忻怡著,李斯特<<帕噶尼尼練習曲,第三首「La Campanella」及第六首「Theme and Variations」>>鋼琴演奏技巧之探討。碩士論文台北市:東吳大學,民91。
陳稚婉,德布西《十二首練習曲》的研究。碩士論文,台北市:東吳大學,民91。
黃采文著,探討布拉姆斯作品<帕格尼尼主題變奏曲,作品三十五,第二冊>鋼琴演奏技巧之運用。碩士論文,台北市:東吳大學,民88。
葉蕙蘭著,討拉赫瑪尼諾夫作品《繪畫練習曲op.33》:從音樂創作題材到鋼琴演奏技巧的運用。碩士論文,台北市:東吳大學,民90。
鍾佩文著,十九世紀音樂會練習曲之探討。碩士論文,高雄市:中山大學,民89。
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